Hello Corwin,

In the kitchen of politics, as in every ordinary kitchen, there are cooks, political dishes and political technologies for cooking various political dishes. In this example, chefs are the creators of political contexts; political norms are recipes for cooking political dishes. If the political menu includes dishes from seasonal products, then seasonal recipes will be relevant from all recipes. Seasonal recipes are written by chefs, while they are based on knowledge about the properties of seasonal products and the peculiarities of their heat treatment. Therefore, in order to justify objective political norms, we need knowledge that precedes recipes, technologies for cooking political dishes. Such knowledge includes: knowledge about the stage at which society is located (about the seasons); knowledge about the political preferences of members of society (about seasonal products); knowledge about recognizing the adequacy of political norms (about recipes and technologies). Simply put, in order to recognize the truth and falsity of political norms, it is necessary to use systemic thinking and a transdisciplinary worldview. You can read about it in these articles:

Mokiy, V.S. & Lukyanova T.A. (2019). World social and economic development in the theory of ternary counterpoints. European Scientific Journal. 15(23), ESJ August Edition, pp. 12-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n23p12

Mokiy, V.S., & Lukyanova, T.A. (2022). Sustainable development of nature and society in the context of a systems transdisciplinary paradigm. Transdisciplinary Journal of Engineering & Science, 13, Special Issue on Complex Resilience and Sustainability. Transdisciplinary Perspectives, In G. del Cerro Santamaría (Ed.), 15-35. https://doi.org/10.22545/2022/00192

Mokiy, V.S., Lukyanova, T.A. (2022). Manifesto for systems transdisciplinarity (2023-2030). Universum: Social sciences. 9(88). https://7universum.com/ru/social/archive/item/14313

Hello,

you may consider the contributions in the book by Hechter & Opp:

Michael Hechter und Karl-Dieter Opp (Eds.), Social Norms. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2001.

In general, the publications by Karl-Dieter Opp are central to research on norms.

A work I have found useful in everyday life, as well as within the academy, has been Michel Foucault's Fearless Speech. Useful too are studies on Governmentality and BioPower.

I think this question can be understood from the perspective of cultural evolution. At the beginning, a norm mutation arises and then it spreads gradually; finally, it is accepted by every member and thus, becomes a norm. Cavalli-Sforza & Feldman 1981 provides more details.

Cheers!

As Other people Said, norms come from social or community agreements, which ,after an approximation between governments and citizens, could be known or fixed to responding people needs and Perspectives.

but, it is important to not forget the main role of the community dynamics, because the norms should going to make easy and fair the way how people resolve their lives every day. p