No doubt heavy metals are present in various vegitables. if some trace elements are more than permissible limits one should need to be careful.

Wisam Thamer Al-Mayah

The assessment of heavy metal risk in vegetables involves the application of quantitative equations that enable the analysis of human exposure through diet. Key mathematical formulas include the calculation of Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI). Based on the concentrations of metals in plant samples, average daily vegetable consumption, and consumer body weight, these equations allow for the evaluation of potential health risks. If the THQ and HI values are below one, the risk is considered acceptable, while higher values indicate a possible health hazard. This approach serves as the foundation for implementing sanitary and regulatory measures to protect public health.

Heavy metals are present in vegetables, but if their concentration exceeds the permissible limit, they become toxic or polluted.