Nanomaterial-based biosensors face challenges in balancing sensitivity and specificity, with sensitivity improvements focusing on optimizing surface-to-volume ratios and signal transduction. Specificity issues involve minimizing non-specific binding and enhancing recognition element selectivity. Additional challenges include maintaining nanomaterial stability in biological environments, achieving reproducible synthesis, and integrating nanomaterials effectively with other biosensor components.

Nanomaterial-based biosensors face challenges in balancing sensitivity and specificity, with sensitivity improvements focusing on optimizing surface-to-volume ratios and signal transduction. Specificity issues involve minimizing non-specific binding and enhancing recognition element selectivity. Additional challenges include maintaining nanomaterial stability in biological environments, achieving reproducible synthesis, and integrating nanomaterials effectively with other biosensor components.

The specificity depends on the bio recogniotion molecules. Sensitivity can be enhanced by Immunosensors but specificity depends on the Antibodies used. Other challenges are the reproducibility , shelf life & repeatability. Non specific binding can be reduced by using certain materials like Bovine serum albumin etc.,. Better to take clues from ELISA plate method of detecting the pathogens. The major challenge in immunosensing will be to reduce the number of steps so that it will beome user friendly.

Sensitivity improves due to Nano materials. But selectivity depends on the specifity of the antibodies in case of immunosensors.