This question is very difficult to answer in a generic way. I believe that the inhibition is function both the PGPR organism and the strains or Rhizobium or Bradyrhizobium.
I know the benefic effects of the interaction Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum brasilense. The same with Az. and Rhizobium tropici. With this interaction we obtain more nodules and grain production in Brazilian soils.
With Bacillus subtilis I know, by literature, the inhibition of nodulation in Bradyrhizobium
As you know, auxin is one of the phytohormone involved in nodulation, high levels can be inhibitory. So you can try with IAA producing, over-producing or mutant strains to see the inhibitory effect on nodulation.
I hope this paper is useful to you: Giel E. van Noorden., 2006; Defective Long-Distance Auxin Transport Regulation in the Medicago truncatula super numeric nodules Mutant
I also observed such phenomenon when I co-inoculated my PGPB with Rhizobia.
There are several reports where the co-inoculated strains have affected nodulation and plant growth - Sinclair 1993; Burla et al. 1996; Oehrle et al. 2000; Suominen et al. 2000).
Even in case of nodule promoting strain B. thuringeinsis, high cell densities had an inhibitory effect on nodulation and plant growth (Mishra et al. 2009).
Co-inoculation of plant growth promoting strain P. fluorescens WCS365 and 213 with B. japonicum A1017 decreased nodule number in soybean plants (Chebotar et al. 2001).
References:
Burla M, Goverde M, Schwinn FJ, Wiemken A (1996) Influence of biocontrol organisms on root pathogenic fungi and on the plant symbiotic micro-organisms Rhizobium phaseoli and Glomus mosseae. J. Plant Dis Protect 103:156–163
Chebotar VK, Asis Jr CA, Akao S (2001) Production of growth-promoting substances and high colonization ability of rhizobacteria enhance the nitrogen fixation of soybean when coinoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Biol Fertil Soils 34:427–432
Mishra PK, Mishra S, Selvakumar G, Bisht JK, Kundu S, Gupta HS (2009) Co-inoculation of Bacillus thuringeinsis-KR1 with Rhizobium leguminosarum enhances plant growth and nodulation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris L.). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25:753–761
Oehrle NW, Karr DB, Kremer RJ, Emerieh DW (2000) Enhanced attachment of Bradyrhizobium iaponicum to soybean through reduced root colonization of internally seedborne microorganisms. Can J Microbiol 46:600–606
Sinclair JB (1993) Control of seed borne pathogens and diseases of soybean seeds and seedlings, Pest Manag Sci 37:15 – 19
Suominen L, Jussila MM, Mäkeläinen K, Romantschuk M, Lindström K (2000) Evaluation of the Galega-Rhizobium galegae system for the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 107: 239–244
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