On British television to-day it was stated that the UK effort to-wards nett zero emissions would involve the use of electric arc furnaces and hydrogen reduction processes to produce steel and the raw/ input material included large quantities of scrap steel. It must be remembered that that the steel making process starts with iron ore and with current technology this needs high grade coal and limestone for the reduction process. The gases evolving include a substantial quantity of carbon monoxide. it will be interesting to see whether we can eliminate all carbon input in the iron ore to high grade, including military grade, steel. Stephen A Lloyd.

Thank you for your clear explanation. Actually we are also working on hydrogen direct reduction of iron oxide pallets, and now I fully got the point behind in your answer. Yes, Best way seems is use of hydrogen as reducing gas. Moreover nowadays the hydrogen plasma reduction is appearing and probably would be perfect as well.

Behzad Sadeghi Direct reduction of iron ore using pellets was practiced in the UK some time ago and the hydrogen was obtained via the steam natural gas reforming process. This process was discontinued on a cost basis. The basic problem remains in the production of the iron ore pellets. Mined iron ore is "cleaned" in the blast furnace and the undesirable minerals are removed as slag. it is an energy expensive process and this energy is usually obtained from coal. At some stage, even if your hydrogen is green hydrogen you have to get from the raw ore to a form of iron mineral that you like to use. Now over to you for your ideas on the initial step so that no carbon dioxide is produced. I'm sure that you know that much ore is low grade with low iron content. Stephen.

in fact, this is the why we have focused on the role of non-iron oxides existence in iron oxide pellets during HyDRI. We believes we can control the hydrogen consumption by knowing those effects on HyDRI, subsequent decrease both cost, and CO2 emission.