Dear Rodney Bartlett

This is my opinion on the Big Bang:

Chapter AZ ESZMÉNY és az Univerzum keletkezésére vonatkozó elméletek

Regards,

Laszlo

You raised 3 questions;

1. Can electrons spiraling in electric and magnetic fields (like in a magnetron) produce microwaves similar to the CMB?

2. Can gravitational waves and microwaves interact to become quantum entangled, imprinting each other?

3. If these mechanisms are possible, is the Big Bang necessary to explain the CMB?

I'll attempt to answer below;

1. Electrons Spiraling in Magnetic Fields as a Source of the CMB

Electrons moving in magnetic fields indeed emit electromagnetic radiation—a process known as synchrotron radiation. Devices like magnetrons in microwave ovens exploit this principle to generate microwaves. However, proposing this mechanism as the origin of the CMB faces significant challenges:

A. Spectral Characteristics

Blackbody Spectrum: The CMB has a near-perfect blackbody spectrum, as confirmed by instruments like the COBE satellite. Synchrotron radiation, on the other hand, produces a non-thermal spectrum that depends on the energy distribution of electrons and the magnetic field strength. It cannot naturally produce the precise blackbody curve observed in the CMB.

B. Uniformity and Isotropy

Cosmic Uniformity: The CMB is remarkably uniform across the sky, with minute temperature fluctuations at the level of one part in 100,000. Achieving such uniformity through synchrotron emission would require an implausibly uniform distribution of electrons and magnetic fields throughout the universe, which contradicts observations of cosmic structures.

C. Polarization Patterns

Distinct Polarization: Synchrotron radiation is highly polarized, but the polarization patterns of the CMB (specifically the E-mode and B-mode polarizations) match predictions from the Big Bang model involving acoustic oscillations in the early plasma, not from synchrotron processes.

D. Redshift and Cosmic Origin

Cosmological Redshift: The CMB radiation is redshifted due to the expansion of space, consistent with an origin from the early universe. Synchrotron radiation from local sources would not exhibit the same cosmological redshift pattern.

E. Supporting Observations

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: The abundances of light elements like hydrogen, helium, and lithium are accurately predicted by the Big Bang model. Any alternative explanation must also account for these observations.

Given these considerations, electrons spiraling in magnetic fields cannot replicate the specific properties of the CMB that are well-explained by the Big Bang model.

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2. Interaction Between Gravitational Waves and Microwaves

A. Interaction Strength

Weak Coupling: Gravitational waves interact extremely weakly with matter and electromagnetic radiation. The likelihood of significant interaction between gravitational waves and microwaves is negligible under known physical laws.

B. Quantum Entanglement

Quantum Considerations: Quantum entanglement involves particles or systems sharing a quantum state such that the state of one cannot be fully described without considering the other. While photons (light particles) can be entangled, extending this concept to gravitational waves is speculative.

Quantum Gravity: A theory of quantum gravity that unifies general relativity and quantum mechanics is not yet established. Without such a framework, discussing quantum entanglement between gravitational waves and microwaves remains theoretical and lacks empirical support.

C. Imprinting Mechanisms

Primordial Gravitational Waves: In the context of the Big Bang, primordial gravitational waves could leave imprints on the CMB's polarization patterns (B-modes). This is an area of active research, aiming to detect signatures of inflation—a rapid expansion of the universe fractions of a second after the Big Bang.

Experimental Evidence: So far, no definitive detection of primordial gravitational wave imprints on the CMB has been made. Experiments like BICEP and Planck are working towards this goal.

Conclusion on Interaction

While gravitational waves can, in theory, influence the CMB, the interactions are subtle and consistent with predictions from the Big Bang and inflationary cosmology. They do not provide an alternative mechanism for the CMB's origin but rather offer potential insights into the universe's earliest moments within the existing cosmological framework.

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3. Is the Big Bang Necessary to Explain the CMB?

A. Comprehensive Explanation

Consistency with Observations: The Big Bang theory provides a coherent explanation for the CMB's properties, including its blackbody spectrum, uniformity, slight anisotropies, and polarization patterns.

Predictive Power: The theory accurately predicted the CMB's existence and properties before it was discovered, lending strong credence to its validity.

B. Alternative Models

Challenges to Alternatives: Any alternative explanation must not only account for the CMB but also for a wide range of cosmological observations, such as galaxy distributions, large-scale structures, and elemental abundances.

Lack of Viable Alternatives: So far, no alternative models have successfully replicated the explanatory power of the Big Bang theory concerning the CMB and related phenomena.

Conclusion

Given the evidence, the Big Bang remains the most robust and comprehensive explanation for the CMB. While exploring new ideas is essential for scientific progress, alternative hypotheses must withstand rigorous scrutiny and align with observational data. Currently, mechanisms involving electrons in magnetic fields or gravitational-microwave interactions do not provide viable alternatives to the Big Bang model for the origin of the CMB.

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I used these references when thinking about the answer;

Fixsen, D. J. (2009). "The Temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background." The Astrophysical Journal, 707(2), 916–920.

Bennett, C. L., et al. (2013). "Nine-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Final Maps and Results." The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 208(2), 20.

Planck Collaboration. (2018). "Planck 2018 Results." arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.06209.

Misner, C. W., Thorne, K. S., & Wheeler, J. A. (1973). Gravitation. W. H. Freeman.

Best

H

Harri Shore,

there is in fact another way to explain the CMB as I describe in my fourth book.

The CMB is created when the galaxies form. Right at the beginning of their formation the elements (atomic nucleus) are created. A bit later atoms are formed by absorbing electrons. Photons are generated that can scatter on free electrons (which there are plenty of according to measurment).

Using the Compton process I calculated a resulting spectrum of photons which comes out to the measured Plack body of 2.7 K.

This is just a very short summary. You will have to read the book to get the full story.

Dear All,

Is it even possible to grasp a movement - like the paths of illusory electrons? On that issue I consulted my youngest grandchild Oscar ... and guess what!

Arne Kjellman

The Big Bang story cannot explain the CMB. It is claimed that photons were generated at the recombination. The problem is that the light run away before there were any galaxies. The photons is ahead of us so how can we see them?

Big Bang does not explain how galaxies were created. Nor the massive black holes in their centra. The story I have given explains how the massive cores in the center of the galaxies were created. The massive objects were the first things created and by acreeting debries they formed the galaxies.

See my last book for a summary. It compares my findings with present observation with a very nice agreement.

Hans Gennow

And how do you sense "a massive black hole" ??? Maybe you too should consult my grandson Oscar instead of your own fantasies - even if written down?

Arne Kjellman

It looks like you have some learning to do.

There are by now numerous of experiments that have reported them. The masses they find fits very well with my predicitons as given in my last book.

I could mention that some of them show up as quasars others are deduced from stars circulation quite close around them. The latter was observed concerning the object in Sagitaurus A* at the center of our galaxy.

Hans Gennow

"It looks like you have some learning to do."

Yes - we all living beings have - but not you evidently?