The nuclear energy was discovered more than 70 years ago based on famous Einstein relation, E=mc2 . This came true with the contribution of many scientists and engineers eventually to realize the nuclear power plants based on fission energy.
While Fission energy can be controlled using various methods to generate electricity at the expense of highly radioactive- long lasting waste, Fusion was anticipated to utilize a clean and endless energy source. However, several decades of extensive efforts on thermonuclear fusion implementing MCF or ICF as well as cold fusion techniques certainly fail in practice attesting not to be commercialized yet.
Therefore Fusion energy remains a reserch field without practical success. What is wrong with fusion energy? It loos like not to be feasible to creat a small sun on earth.
Is not it better to revise this dream with efficient technological solutions or abandon this field forever?
Mark Gibbs recently wrote a very interesting article for Forbes titled “Cold Fusion and Unintended Consequences”:
"Imagine that cold fusion devices are discovered to produce small amounts of radioactive waste. Due to the exceptionally low price of the energy they would still be highly popular, yet on a large scale that small amount of waste may be a big problem !".
However, cold fusion waste will be much cleaner than present fossil fuels and its hazards to environment, including benzene, toluene, SO2, NOx, CO2, CO etc.
To my knowledge cold fusion or hot fusion, none of them is feasible up to now to gain adequate energy to be a commercial efficient process.
METHODS CLAIMED TO PRODUCE CANR OR LENR (COLD FUSION):
(Note: AE = anomalous energy, NP = nuclear products)
1. Electrolysis of D2O (H2O)-based electrolyte using Pd, Pt, Ti, or Ni cathodes. (This is the orginal Pons-Fleischmann method, which has been replicated hundreds of times to produce claimed AE and NP in every country where the method was used.)
2. Electrolysis of KCL-LiCL-Lid (fused salt) electrolyte using a Pd anode. (Several attempts at duplication have failed.)
3. Electrolysis of various solid compounds in D2o(proton conduction). (This method has been duplicated in the United States, Japan, and France to produce AE.)
4. Gas discharge (low energy ions) using Pd electrodes in D2 (H2). (Variations on this method have reported AE and NP in the United States, Russia, and Japan.)
5. Ion bombardment (high energy ions) of various metals by D+. (Variations on this method have reported NP in Russia and Japan.)
6. Gas reaction (H2) with Ni under special conditons. (Replicated independently several times in Italy to produce NP and AE.)
7. Cavitation reaction involving D2O and various metals using an acoustic field. (This method has been replicated in the United States to produce NP and AE.)
8. Cavition reaction in H2O using microbubble formation. (Several attempts to duplicate variations on the method have failed.)
9. Reaction of finely divided palladium with pressurized deuterium gas. (Variations on this method have produced AP and NP in the United States and Japan.)
10. Plasma discharge under D2O or H2O. (Variations on this method have produced AP and NP in the United States, Italy, and Japan.)
11. Phase change or a chemical reaction, both involving deuterium. (NP production has been reported in the United States and in Russia.)
12. Biological systems. (This method has produced NP in Japan, Russia, and France.)
Source :
http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com/articles/summ01/cold_fusion/cold_fusion.html
Dear Ali
Thank you for your comments
However I am skeptical that even one of the twelve processes above can lead to an efficient cold fusion achievement by gaining adequate energy via nuclear reactions.
Dear Ruchi
There is no success in fusion energy yet to utilize as a new source of energy on earth.
If it happened, the world would drastically change.
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/25/google-enters-race-for-nuclear-fusion-technology
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