All contemporary meteorological models (like WRF) predict among other parameters, also soil temperature. The so-called land surface (sub)models (LSMs) are used for that purpose being integrated as part of meteorological models. I found a lot of works in which influence of LSM on forecasted 2-m air temperature is investigated. This is however being indirect model evaluation. Could you recommend papers in which simulated by meteorological models soil temperature is compared directly to soil temperature observations? Thank you in advance.
A comparison of the soil temperature predicted by the model with the in situ measurements was performed by ECMWF. The document with the results is attached to my note. I hope this is useful for your research.
Janusz Pudykiewicz Thank you very much! Indeed, this is very helpful. Regarding NCEP GFS I know the only article (doi: 10.1002/2017JD027023 ) related to this question, which reports essential biases in soil temperature analysis of GFS over ChinaArticle Modulation of Soil Initial State on WRF Model Performance over China
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