Ferruginous nodules are found in alluvium of holocene age overlain by laterite.. There are many theory proposed on their genesis especially of Ferro-manganese nodules. What is the point of view of fellow researchers on genesis of such Iron nodules or concretions ?
Dear Prakash,
It is quite difficult to answer without photographs of field profiles and samples. However, if the nodules have various size and shape, are indurated and dull, an allochthonous origin is possible, potentially resulting from erosion of previously formed ferricretes (i.e., iron duricrusts). On the other hand, If these nodules are not indurated but quite soft like concretions forming within a clay-ferruginous matrix, an autochthonous (in situ formed) is also possible. Field and samples' photographs would be definitively useful for a best expertise. Best, Anicet B.
Thanks Beauvais Sir for your answer. I appreciate your point of view. Researchgate server is slow in uploading photographs in large numbers. If you share email id ,i can give field and sample photographs. You can further give your point of view on the genesis of Fe nodule present in alluvium overlain by laterite based on field and sample photographs.
With Best Regards,
Prakash Jha
research scholar
IIT(ISM) Dhanbad
Dear Prakash, The fallowing article may help;
Iron nodules in ferric soils of the Fraser Coast, Australia: relicts of laterisation or features of contemporary weathering and pedogenesis? by S. C. Löhr A B E , M. Grigorescu A C and M. E. Cox A D; link;
Characteristics and genesis of nodules and concretions occurring in soils of the R. Chinit area, Kompong Thom Province, Cambodia, by Masanori Mitsuchi: fallowing link: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00380768.1976.10433003
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001670618690025X
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703707000154
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08120099708728296
Schwertmann U, Fanning DS (1976) Iron-manganese concretions in hydrosequences of soils in loess in Bavaria. Soil Science Society of America Journal 40, 731–738.
Bourman RP (1993a) Modes of ferricrete genesis – evidence from southeastern Australia. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie 37, 77–101.
Childs CW (1975) Composition of iron-manganese concretions from some New Zealand soils. Geoderma13, 141–152.
Gasparatos D, Haidouti C, Tarenidis D (2004) Characterization of iron oxides in Fe-rich concretions from an imperfectly-drained Greek soil: a study by selective-dissolution techniques and X-ray diffraction. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 50, 485–493.
Cheers..
Beauvais Sir, I have sent you two emails. One is consisting of Laterite field photographs whereas the second email consisting of photographs of Iron nodules present in alluvium overlain by laterite. I am expecting a further point of view on genesis of Fe nodules from you.
With Best Regards,
Prakash Jha
research scholar
IIT(ISM) Dhanbad
Thanks Sagar sir for suugesting research papers related to genesis of Fe nodules. I will definately read them and they will be surely useful to me.
With Best Regards,
Prakash Jha
Respected Sir (Anicet Beauvais),
Few of the field photographs are blurred but i have taken multiple photographs of the same outcrop or exposures. So, you will get clear photographs also in the collection of field photographs, i have sent. Whatever inferences you made from observing field photographs, i am looking forward to reading them.
With Best Regards,
Prakash Jha
Dear Prakash,
Your photographs clearly show alluvial and/or mixed alluvial-colluvial earth materials, which are more or less weathered with elements of more (the most ferruginized) or less weathered parent rocks (among which sandstones, and limestones ??). What you call nodules and/or concretions are such ferruginized parent rock elements, which have been eroded/transported/deposited rather than typical ferricretes or Fe nodules/concretions previously formed in a lateritic profile. For me, the apparent ferruginization of some elements is rather indicative of sedimentary processes than classical lateritization. However, on some cuts and sections, recent lateritic weathering of the alluvial deposit can be observed and interpreted as such. I cannot tell more based on the provided photographs. The XRD and ICPMS analyses will document precisely the composition and potential origin/source of this alluvial deposits. With my best Regards, and thank you. Anicet B.
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