The Carbon Fractions Index (CFI) is a crucial tool for evaluating the impact of bio compost on soil carbon dynamics in wheat-rice farming systems. CFI categorizes soil organic matter into labile, intermediate, and recalcitrant fractions, offering insights into their decomposition rates and nutrient release patterns. By analyzing CFI, farmers and researchers can assess the effectiveness of bio compost applications. Increases in labile carbon fractions indicate recent organic matter additions, enhancing soil fertility and microbial activity. This promotes improved crop growth and productivity in both wheat and rice crops. Additionally, understanding the shifting CFI values helps customize soil management practices, allowing farmers to optimize their bio compost applications based on specific soil requirements. Moreover, by promoting sustainable agriculture, bio compost integration enhances soil health, sequesters carbon, and aligns with environmental conservation efforts, making it a valuable approach in fostering long-term agricultural sustainability.