People define Ethics as the moral principles that guide the personal behaviour.
In research and academia, the American Psychological Association defined five principles, these are:
1. Discuss intellectual property frankly.
2. Be conscious of multiple roles.
3. Follow informed-consent rules.
4. Respect confidentiality and privacy.
5. Tap into ethics resources.
This subject needs discussion and explanation. Experts are welcome to comment.
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Do_You_beleive_in_ETHICS-Whether_it_is_important_to_every_aspects
I would like to recommend you to read the following papers:
1-A model of a code of ethics for tissue banks operating in developing countries
2- Ethics in tissue banking
These papers deal with ethics in tissue banking but the principles and rules included in both papers can be adapted to apply to any research activities as well:
An example:
Based on what was noted previously, the following ethical principles should be considered during the formulation of any code of ethics to be observed by operators of a tissue establishment in the future:
-Be honest and adopt ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of current or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;
-Comply with applicable government laws, rules, and regulations in force in the country in the field of tissue banking;
-Maintain the confidentiality of data entrusted by the tissue donors or the donor family or legal representative to the tissue establishment with regards to tissue donation and donor screening, except when authorized or legal action obligates the tissue establishment to disclose this information to duly designated national health care authorities;
-Deal fairly with tissue donors, donor families, legal representatives, medical personnel, transplant coordinators, volunteers, and with other hospital staff during the procurement, processing, and use of human tissues;
-Provide information that is accurate, completely objective, relevant, timely, and understandable to all competent national health care authorities duly authorized to request this information;
-Proactively promote ethical behavior among tissue establishment staff to create a positive work environment within the tissue establishment and the tissue banking network;
-Protect and ensure the proper use of tissue establishment assets and tissue donations, carefully weighing against practices that may be linked to commercialization or other hidden agendas not authorized by the national health care authorities.
Here are APA’s five principles:
Discuss intellectual property frankly
Be conscious of multiple roles
Follow informed-consent rules
Respect confidentiality and privacy
Tap into ethics resources
https://www.apa.org/monitor/jan03/principles
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