ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT CAN EXPLAIN FRACTIONAL QUANTUM HALL EFFECT

An object with an electric dipole moment is subject to a torque (rotation) when placed in an external electric field. This brings up images of spinning tops but the property known to physics as quantum spin is very different. In 1925, two Dutch postgrads, Samuel Goudsmit and George Uhlenbeck, originated the word “spin” but it was an unfortunate choice of name because any comparison of a spinning electron to a spinning top is a poor aid. The quantum spin of a particle cannot be explained in terms of classical rotation since it can only have certain values that are equal to either a whole number or half a whole number multiplied by Planck’s constant h divided by 2π (a quantity called h-bar: symbol ħ). This quantum spin requires a different form of electric field than one producing classical rotation. This could be a version of the on/off or one/zero pulses used by manmade electronics and called BITS or binary digits.

As a thought experiment, visualize the photon and graviton not as indivisible elementary particles but as possessing an EDM (Electric Dipole Moment). It’s known that the photon and graviton have quantum spins of, respectively, 1 and 2. Photon-graviton interaction can, using William Rowan Hamilton’s 1843 definition of quaternions as the quotient of two vectors, produce 1/2 which is the quantum spin of all particles of matter. Photon spin is vector 1, graviton spin is vector 2, and their interaction can also produce 2/1 which is the quantum spin of the graviton. An assembly of countless gravitons might form the intense gravity of a stellar, intermediate-mass, or supermassive black hole. If in possession of a type of electrical force that’s shared by binary digits, the photons interacting with gravitons could be confined within the black hole by twisting the valence-conduction bands of conductors, semiconductors, and insulators.

This comment started as a proposal to better position negative electrons and positively charged “holes” for the splitting of water molecules using the neutron's theorized possession of both negative and positive charges. Using a paper written by Albert Einstein, this was expanded to all fermions, quasiparticles, and bosons having both charges (which can cancel). In rare cases, particles like electrons can have a fraction of their usual electrical charge – this is known as the fractional quantum Hall effect. It appears possible that, in the case of an electron possessing an EDM, there could be some cancellation of positive and negative charges which would result in its overall negativity being reduced and becoming fractional.