Poor planning and no matching between curriculum for the labor market requirements .

Which one MENA region? Well, most developing countries have this problem. the major reason was that these countries have not come up with a unique kind of educational system and content that are suitable for the peculiarities of their environment. the idea of mixing up the old and the new has not helped most of these countries in achieving their quest for economic growth and development. although, other problems exist i.e lack of adequate funding for education, lack of quality manpower, inadequate infrastructural facilities, poor educational planning among others, the prevailing one is the deficient curriculum that is grossly unsuitable to the peculiar needs of these countries.

Education does not work in Arab countries (MENA)for several reasons: First: weak educational system. Second: poor teaching and poor human construction. The higher the student's academic level, the higher the scientific gap with the developed countries, due to the lack and weakness of the quality of teachers, and the existence of accumulated deficiencies of the student's understanding of science and curriculum. Thirdly: poor funding for schools, lack of sustainability and keeping increase the number of schools. Fourth: The absence of applied laboratories which could developed students theory & practically. Fifth: There is no encouragement for collective scientific (Team) work, and the work division among students. Sixth: Economic, Political and Social instability increases structural unemployment rates in the labor market and increases the waste of human resources.

Most of developing countries are sticking to those educational programs made by colons (or the western) and they are not adequate to meet the countries' development needs or requirement .

The creative combination of advanced literacy and technical skills is paramount.

These basic economic life skills develop by vocational (polytechnic) and dual professional education (work and study). Today, mobile learning technologies can reinforce this type of practical learning that pays.

Another important perspective is formation of ecosystem that promotes growth. It is needed efficient institution that generate sinergy in their activity.

There are many reasons; lack of the proper teaching approaches and curriculums that, frequent changing in the curriculum and text books , poor in the fundamental vocational education (theoretical and applications), disharmony between job market and quality and education outputs, low wages and salaries of teachers , lack of the general policy and insufficient investment in this important sector.

Could there be a brain drain effect as well (other countries recruiting recent graduates from the MENA region to the point where the local education systems and economies have trouble meeting labour demands)?

Justin Patrick. Yes, the brain drain effect is certainly there, I think, but it is not the only reason. Thank you so much.