If a publication appear in a journal that has an impact factor or at least is indexed in the best lists there is a high probability that it has been truly peer-reviewed. There are exceptions there good papers are printed in bad journals and bad papers getting published in good journals but it is rare.
DOI doesn't indicate any quality. It is just a matter of that the journal pay a fee to get access to giving a DOI's to their published papers.
The quality of article cannot be measured by DOI. However, Impact factor and indexing are the criteria to evaluate the quality. If impact factor of the article is high with good indexing journal (like SCI, SCIE etc.) then the quality of the article will be good, but there are some exceptions are also there as told by Prof. Henrik. Impact factor of the journal is depend on the number of citation and some other metrics and it's vary year to year.