The answer to this question, like many others, depends on a number of factors. If you look at the research where they've made people smarter (i.e. improved their IQs), what they're really doing is to make people function better.
Understanding changes in IQ also requires carefully considering how intelligence is being measured. People confuse ability with knowledge. We all can study and improve our vocabulary. But I would argue that doesn't make us any smarter.
The best way to measure intelligence is to measure those abilities that underlie the acquisition of knowledge, separately from the knowledge we have.
If you study for it, you may be able to improve it by about 5 points. However, if you are not a genius, then you can't study to become one regardless of the time spent!
Richard Nisbett, professor of psychology at the University of Michigan:
Yes, your IQ can change over time. But [IQ] tests give you the same answer to a very substantial extent, even over a period of year. The older you are, the more stable your test score will be.
The most volatility in IQ scores is in childhood, mostly in adolescence. Offhand I can't think of a reason why it would be, it just seems to be the case.
Also, the average IQ of people is changing over time. Basically, people are gaining in modern industrialized societies. IQs are increasing three points per decade. In fact, there was an 18-point increase between 1947 and 2002. So the average IQ of a 20-year-old in 1947 was lower than the average IQ of a 20-year-old in 2002.
Now, validity of IQ as a measurement of all that we consider "intelligence" is another question.
I will go further than Marcos Augusto answer and tell you that intelligence measured by IQ as well as the notion of heritability of IQ are myths which continue to persist.
For intelligence I recommend you to read the paper by Schlinger (2003): The myth of intelligence. Intelligence is a word that psychologists use to refer to various behaviours in varying context: in this sense, yes the IQ of a person can change with time.
For IQ heritability I recommend you to read the paper written by Capron et al. (1999): Misconceptions of biometrical IQists’. They clearly show that biometrical IQists’ models have no predictive value. Again for them the relative position of an individual may change between two administrations of an IQ test; but estimates of the heritability of IQ depend on the political needs of IQists.
References
Capron C., Vetta A-R., Dhuyme M., Vetta A. (1999). Misconception of biometrical IQists’. Current Psychology of Cognition, 18, 115-160.
Schlinger H. (2003). The myth of intelligence. The psychological Record, 53, 15-19.
Yes, a person's IQ can change over time, for better or for worse. By learning how to think logically and critically, your IQ will increase. So a person who takes an IQ test before studying logic and then takes an IQ test after studying logic will see an increase, probably rather sizeable, in their second score.
"The average eighteen-year-old, on the global unified scale, has a Stanford Binet IQ of 85. At birth, an infant on this scale would have an IQ of just two points, and it will go to about 70-85 in teenage-hood. However, this is just for a certain range of brain weights. The human brain weighs from 1200-1550 g, but the truth is, IQ and brain development does not obey a single bell curve. The first bell curve is mostly in the range of 1200 g-1550 g/IQ 85-115. To explain this bell curve more, it is actually, and just like the bell curve for intelligence, the middle of another bell curve, which stops at IQ=180/brain weight=2200 g. At the end of that bell curve, another pops up, and it theoretically tops out at IQ=250/400 or brain weight=3050 g. It is hard to calculate IQ based off of brain weight because brain weight seems to disproportionately boost IQ. For example, Einstein's brain weighed 1580 g, but he had an IQ in the range of 160-215, depending on who is asked. Gauss' brain weighed roughly the same, but he had an IQ of 170, according to experts. The average brain weighs 1350 g, but it doesn't create a huge difference, as the difference between IQ=100 and IQ=170 seem to do".
If IQ connected to brain weight, so IQ may be maximum at nearly at 18 years of age and may stay at this point until any thing wrong with brain.
Of course there are more other factors affecting IQ other than age.
According to the studies, healthy eating, proper medical care, and appropriate educational opportunities are the most important factors in the growth of IQ.
Notably, fluctuations in IQ because of getting older have been reported ; however, the findings have been inconclusive. Some state that not only do we get wiser with age, but we also may actually become smarter. They reason that higher IQ is not necessarily innate, something you’are born with ,because in most cases, we become more intelligent through superior learning techniques. By contrast, there are those who contend that by getting older, we experience an age-related sensory deficit making it difficult for us to perform certain tasks quickly . Accordingly, they claim that age and IQ are negatively interrelated. It seems that IQ is a murky concept. Albert Einstein believed that " the measure of intelligence is the ability to change.” As we grow older, our abilities, be it intelligence or otherwise, may surely change .
Intelligence,memory,I.Q may not remain common for every individual .Individual with his planning of mind ,for his action take all the necessary recourse for his own individual development & with his learning practice very often he attracts to his power of observation,intuition & sometime a play game of his fate which may help him to carry out his action in the pathway of his life .
It in this line sometime back I have presented my publication under the captioned'' Intelligence -The Mark way to Progress '' which I submit herewith for your kind perusal .
Thanks to all, especially Marcos Augusto Lima Nobre, for your kind opinions on IQ. I have got many new things about IQ through your descriptive answers. Kindly, keep replying if you have unique/more opinion on it.
The weights of our neural network keeps on changing with new tasks and with new problems. Hence, exposure to variety of tasks certainly have an impact on one's thinking and over time may improve his actions. In effect this may seem as increase in the intelligence.
Yes, your IQ can change over time. But IQ tests give you the same answer to a very substantial extent, even over a period of year. The older you are, the more stable your test score will be.
We have discussed this issue some time ago that the very definition of IQ used in society is an abuse of terms, absolutely nonsense. Intelligence is almost uniform in humans but performances in tests is a matter of learning and knowledge acquired. Learning and knowledge acquired are solely dependent on the resourcefulness of the student, his/her parents and the school attending. The twin paradox works here, where aging is purely dependent on the place someone lives in the hemisphere.
Take two identical twins, one who lives in an area where there is no proper schooling, no resources for learning and study to gain knowledge, absolutely reason of learning is not known well as a culture, and the other twin lives in an area of affluence, where there are almost all things around (supportive external agents of success and reasons of learning explicitly known) books, good schools, well trained teachers and culture of learning. The results of these two identical twins in such exams do not require much thoughts but reasonable mindfulness.