Because this high-pressure freezed intestine has been infected with bacteria, is the degeneration associated with inflammation? Or is it a natural developmental phenomena, like extruding cell? Do you know any relevant literatures about the "bulge"?
all types of membrane destruction are not good to name "development", but it is too natural in construction of complex tissues in animals (see the manual of Histology). In my experience on the plants i can understand the difference in phloem formation of photo- and metaphloem, which have opposite way for make the same type of cells (elongated sieve-tube elements) for the circulation of sugar.
See my article of research gate about Phloem autolysis or degeneration.
Are these cells located in the vicinity/epithelium around the Peyer's patches? These protrusions are typical for the M-cells and are, in that case, a normal finding.
Otherwise the theory of autolysis seems to be correct.
As the morphology of microvilli of these cells are the same as the normal absorptive cells and there are no lymphoid cells in the vicinity, I don't know if this means these cells are not M-cells. And it sometime appears along goblet cell.
If you mean the protrusion of the right secreting vacuole to the left one, I will not pay attention on that. If you mean the "bubles" on the top, close to the frame, they are artefact for me and do not look like a bulge too. But let's assume you're right and the "bulge" is a reactive structure. Then do you see the same type of bulges in the non-infected mice? If yes, what is the incidence?