Isothermal microcalorimetry does not care about the physical form of the sample (i.e., gas, liquid, or solid). We have made measurement of bacteria growing within solids and liquids... maybe it can be a lead for your measurements. If you give a little bit more specific details I can give you a more specific answer on the feasibility. In the meantime you can take a look at the following:
Several years ago, I was involved in a project to measure viable aersolized microorganisms (bacteria and enteric virus) around a sewage treatment plant. We employed three different sampling devices, one an Anderson Sampler that segregated bacterial aerosols by size, a second, called a "slit sampler" which measured total bacteria over time (usually set to 1 hour). The third was used to collect samples in a volume of fluid where the air was sucked into an enclosed conical glass "scrubber" and it would then impinge onto the back of the glass as the collection media flowed down into a collecting vessel thereby collecting any viable aerosols that were present. The first two utilized TSA non-selective media. The scrubber fluid was concentrated and analyzed on selective media for fecal-related bacteria and for enteric viruses. This technology grew out of germ warfare work that was done by the DOD back in the 60's and 70's.
You can refer the Lokabharathi et al. 1976 where they have counted the viable counts in sea water. you can collect aerosols in liquid media and filter on membrane filter and counting of viable bacteria can be done two ways one fluorescent method using DAPI and another one haemocytometer method. if use media for the same then you may get only culturable fraction but there are many uncultured ones.