great thaks cutaneous forms on mice... Experimentally interresting for L. major but for L. tropica it is doubtfull since rodent are not considered as reservoir for this parasite. Many thanks for the paper..
I'm not sure about leishmaniasis, but for paracoccidioidomicosis there is a major gender influence.
Yes as I understand for L. infantum no evidence of gender effect have been published or observed. I wonder about L. donovani infection and in perticular PKDL...
We have observed sex influence on response to Leishmania tropica in mouse. There is an interaction with genotype:
Kobets T et al. Genetics of host response to Leishmania tropica in mice – Different control of skin pathology, chemokine reaction, and invasion into spleen and liver. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6 (6): e1667, 2012. http://www.plosntds.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0001667 In discussion in this PLoS NTD paper we discuss also some other cases of sex influence observed in mouse leishmaniasis observed by others.
We found also interaction of sex and genotype in response to L. major in the strains BALB/c and CcS-11:
Parasite numbers in lymph nodes in males of both strains were higher than in females; however in spleens only CcS-11 but not BALB/c males had higher numbers than females. These observations show that sex affects pathology of various organs differently and that this influence is modified by the host genotype.
Kurey I et al. Distinct genetic control of parasite elimination, dissemination, and disease after Leishmania major infection. Immunogenetics, 61:619-633, 2009.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19705113
Sex influence on response to L. donovani in vitro: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18373668
This paper may be of your interest:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11953362
Infect Immun. 2002 May;70(5):2288-96.
Gender is a major determinant of the clinical evolution and immune response in hamsters infected with Leishmania spp.
Travi BL, Osorio Y, Melby PC, Chandrasekar B, Arteaga L, Saravia NG.
Pregnancy also matters:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8543816
J Immunol. 1996 Jan 15;156(2):644-52.
Pregnancy impairs resistance of C57BL/6 mice to Leishmania major infection and causes decreased antigen-specific IFN-gamma response and increased production of T helper 2 cytokines.
Krishnan L, Guilbert LJ, Russell AS, Wegmann TG, Mosmann TR, Belosevic M.
wonderfull, may be we have to investigate this in some epidemiological way, meaning that for L. major when looking at statistics of the health system in various north african countrie, we do not see gender effect on leishmania impact. Therefore what a re the reasons for such discrepencies between animal model and disease impact. Of course socio economic conditions might play a big role in this situation, but can not explain all!!!. An other interresting point should be to test gender influence in the natural reservoir of L. amajor like te merione.
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