I am undertaking a study on fluoride effects in drinking water on human health. This study aims to assess health hazard of fluoride in water from the Center-South hydrological region of Haiti. Emmanuel et al (2002) showed that fluoride concentrations ranged from 0 to 2 mg/L. The area where water has fluoride concentrations greater than the threshold value (1.5 mg/L) is dominated by sedimentary geological formation. In order to understand the fluorisis effects, I would be aware of the exposure period of time necessary to develop these diseases.
It depends on both age (life-stage), duration of exposure and fluoride concentration. For dental fluorosis you might find this referene of interest: Hong L, Levy SM, Broffitt B, Warren JJ, Kanellis MJ, Wefel JS, et al. 2006. Timing of fluoride intake in relation to development of fluorosis on maxillary central incisors. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 34(4):299–309.
I think it depends also of the concentration of fluoride and the malnutritional status
Yes, fluoride concentration is definitely important. In high-fluoride area also food can contribute significantly to the total fluoride intake.
Does anyone can tell me the pathways of fluoride could provoke cancer in humans
Hi Cajouste, I would suggest you to look it up via the toxicological profiles for fluorides, hydrogen fluoride and fluorine. toxicological profiles are a compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance.
fluorine is most dangerous in the drinking water. according to U.S. EPA daily intake of fluoride in drinking water is 0.06 mg / kg / jour.so i will keep in touch and i will let you know .
The fluoride in human milk is very low and is estimated at 0.01 mg / L (Guillaume N., 2008). Human milk seems to have a barrier against fluoride transfer and is only found in extremely small amounts. Infants receive a very small amount of fluoride during breastfeeding. Indeed, the literature has reported that infants who were breastfed for less than 18 months present high risk to develop dental fluorosis (Guillaume N., 2008).
In addition to the high concentration of fluoride in drinking water in some areas of the country (Haiti), do the rate and duration the breastfeeding contribute to increase the risk of fluorosis?
hi Yanick in almost all the literature we not mention the milk as a factor that may lead of dental fluorosis among nourrisons. the pathways that lead to fluorosis is drinking water. I will continue to do research on this subject and i will communicate you the answer.
The milk can conbruate to the fluorosis if the mother live in a area with a high concentration of fluoride in drinking water .
Hi Cajouste! Human breast milk contains very low levels of fluoride (0.004 mg/L in nonfluoridated and 0.01 mg/L in fluoridated areas) even when intake by the mother is high (Fomon et al. 2000; Levy 1994). I would suggest you to look it up via this article.
Cajouste, please receive this these in french about fluorosis. I will appreciate your comment after reading.
Fluoride being very electronegative, has the ability to react with organic and inorganic Elements therefore can form highly reactive substances such as fluorides. In addition to dental or skeletal fluorosis, could we not expect of cancer?
yes a very high concentration of fluoride may cause cancer. the literature explain if you expose with a high ppm upper to 15 ppm it's could be lead to cancer. at this time they are not define the exposition time to develops the cancer. you can consult
Rajiv Gandhi (1993) national drinking water mission. Prevention and control of fluorisis, health aspects. Vol. I. New Delhi: Rajiv Gandhi national drinking water mission.
I suggest that you read this report of the US National Academy of Sciences. It is available at http://www.nap.edu/.
National Academies of Sciences. 2006. Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA's Standards. Washington DC: National Academies Press. 530 pp.
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