Where exactly the TSS lies? does TSS always lie at beginning of the UTR?
Does +1 usually defines the transcription start site, or the translation start? (Because some books shows +1 is ATG in first Exon, but some shows that +1 is TSS in UTR)
So what is the universal numbering?
How to recognize 5'UTR of a gene, theoretically it should be lied in between promoter and ATG of first Exon, but is there any specific nucleotide/s to distinguish this region?
I doubt, however, that these things are not written on any book of biology.
I'be so much grateful if you can give well illustrated reading material of gene structure/ anatomy.
TSS is defined as the transcriptional start site. This is where RNA polymerase begins transcribing the DNA. This is also the beginning of the UTR (untranslated region), assuming that the gene has a 5'UTR, which is typically the case for human genes. The +1 nomenclature can be used to indicate the first base transcribed, or the first base translated, depending on context. In genomics, +1 generally refers to the first base transcribed. When cloning expression vectors, +1 usually indicates the position of the ATG or the first codon of the translated unit. Hope this helps.
The 5′ UTR begins at the transcription start site and ends one nucleotide (nt) before the initiation sequence (usually AUG) of the coding region.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_prime_untranslated_region
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_structure
these two links will help to understand the structure.
Adam answer is correct. I would like to add that the 5'-UTR is part of Exon-1. Many people think that Exon-1 correspond to Coding sequence 1. In other words, exon-1 and exon-n (last) contain the 5'-UTR and 3'-UTR, respectively. Exons in the middle of the gene do correspond to the respective coding sequences.
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