There are many references in older literature. Here is a link to information (online) on factors varying the water requirements for Beef cattle, out of the University of Nebraska:

http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCIQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fianrpubs.unl.edu%2Flive%2Fg2060%2Fbuild%2Fg2060.pdf&ei=FvhIVfW2LcmqgwTeooHwBg&usg=AFQjCNGKCO7wV4QNmNShmc0jzQOze9t2kg&sig2=tRYYylttj2WZf3gUww7Erw&bvm=bv.92291466,d.eXY

Thank you Jennifer, this document is very interesting for me, unfortunately it deals only with cattle.

your question is too broad you should narrow it down to species then to type of husbandry and age. Of course fodder and water quality, water Ph, temperature are also very important.

To give you an idea an european sheep need a few liters per day a sudanese desert sheep (in Darfur) feeding on wild melons (Citrillus spp.) can go for a month without being waterered. Camels feeding on lush green fodder do not need to drink while if fed on dry forage they may drink over 100 liters every  8-10 days 

I remember that EFSA-Group had some discussion on the quality aspects of feeding water when working on EU Regulation on feeding hygiene in 2005 (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32005R0183) Finally only vague quality requirements were included but maybe the documentation of the legislative process at EFSA might be enlighting. You might contact a board member though. 

Dear Maurizio, thanks for your answer. I know that my question is very broad, therefore I am seeking existing guidelines. In the Czech Republic we have these gidanelines, but these do not include the effect of temperature.

Dear Andreas, thanks for your answer, but quality aspects of feeding water is not important for my project. I know that the water quality is important, but it is included in the relevant legislation. My project is focused on the determination of the required future amount of water.

@Libor 

sorry for my sloppy reading of your question - should put on my glasses more often, i guess.

From a veterinarian standpoint daily water intake should be roughly 7% of bodyweight in livestock; Beside this provided water in general (i guess these are northern europe guidelines) you need to add up 80% of milk production in dairy, goat and sheep and of course in animals suckling their offspring. The drinking water supply should further be evaluated by the fractions drinking-water and water-in-diet, thus taking into account different feeding strategies (i.e. pellets, wet or liquid feeding in pigs).

For more detail and for exact calculations including the general feeding information i generally refer to this book: 

"Supplemente zu Vorlesungen und Übungen in der Tierernährung", Josef Kamphues, Manfred Coenen und Ellen Kienzle (Hrsg.), Verlag Schaper; Auflage: 11., überarbeitete Auflage (1. Januar 2009), ISBN-10: 3794402235, ISBN-13: 978-3794402236

http://www.amazon.de/Supplemente-zu-Vorlesungen-Übungen-Tierernährung/dp/3794402235

If calculating total water consumption on farm be aware of the water needed for cleaning and disinfection of stables, animal cleaning in the husbandry routine, cleaning of machinery (i.e. milking facilities) and so on. I don't know veterinary resources that gives this figures, but i guess asking your favorite agricultural university or scanning magazines archives of 'topAgrar' and alike about the farm management information on water costs might help.

Hi Libor,

Some useful data related to livestock water use as affected by animal species, ambient temperature and body weight can be found in the report given below which is available in the link provided.  This report discusses water use by different livestock in the context of Ontario (a province of Canada) climatic and livestock management conditions; however, may be useful for you research.

Wong A. (2013) Livestock Water Use and Future Water Needs

http://www.grandriver.ca/waterplan/LivestockWaterNeeds.pdf

Good luck with your research.

-SJ

@Susantha 

GREAT Link, thanks for sharing !

@Susantha: great document. Thanks

There is a lot of literature on this topics. Nevertheless, in Italy, often water is given ad libitum: but this data can't help you in your estimate….good luck, Claudia

Dear Libor, to deal with future water needs of livestock, I think you shouldn't restrict yourself to drinking water requirements. About 100 times more water is required for daily feed production than for drinking. So it is important that your work deals with this broader topic of water requirement. The following references may be of use for you.

Dear Melkamu, thank you for your answer. Yes you are right. Water needs for livestock is one part of my project, and it is not only drinking water but also other water needed in livestock production. Second part is water needs for crop production, but in this part I suppose better availability of background documents about water needs for irrigation in according to temeperature and rainfall.

Dear Andreas, thank you for your comment, these issues I have already consulted with colleagues from the Institute of Animal Science. Unfortunately there are too many factors influencing the real water needs of animals. For my project solutions are preferable design or average values reflecting the water need based on several broader factors than detailed solutions covering all the factors you mentioned. However, I can not ignore these factors as well as they are included in a document sent by Susantha. The result of my project will be similar output, as the document from Susantha.

There is evidence back to 1956 that exotic breeds of cattle drink more than indigenous, the difference uncreasing as ambient temperature increases. The water content of feed, especially succulents such as spiny cactus, contributes to overall requirements.

Dear Tim, thank you for your answer. You mentioned an evidence, which evidence you mean? Is this evedence available on the internet?

Winchester and Morris (1956). Water intake rates of cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 15: 722-740.

I recently googled this question for pigs- there is a response from Arizona. Succulents (spieless cactus, try Ben Salem et al- various papers on web. Hope this helps. Tim

Thanks a lot Tim

Libor, check prickly cactus. Besides water content, they have minerals, vitamins and sugars.

They are used for human consumption as well. The fruit seeds, contain oils that at least  some species can digest. The spikes can be removed manually or burned with a torch.

In Texas during droughts, cattle were fed exclusively on cactus, no other feed was available.