Rapid urease test (RUT)in gastric endoscopic biopsies has inferior sensitivity and specificity than the gold standard test: mucosal biopsy.
In addition it has some other limitations. Nobody needs an urgent report of H. pylori infection in order to reduce morbidity in an infected patient.
Since RUT is an invasive test operator is in the position to sample the gastric mucosa for pathological examination. Result will be available in 48 to 72 hs.
Sensitivity and specificity of RUT is quite similar than other non invasive test such as C14 breath test and fecal antigen determination.
In practice: in a patient suspect of having H pylori infection if he does not need an upper digestive endoscopy C14 breath test and fecal antigen determination must be done.
If endoscopy is performed by this or a different indication mucosal sampling for biopsy is a good practice to perform.
Yes. It is very reliable test when you take biopsy at the site of H.pylori infection. Diffuse redness is the one of the best endoscopic sign of H.pylori gastritis.
The distribution of H.pylori microorganisms in gastric mucosa is patchy,so suitable site for biopsy is important for reporting positive or negative RUT.
Generally reliable, provided that no PPIs have been taken for the preceding 2 weeks. As stated above, sensitivity is increased by sampling both antrum and body. Histopath is the gold standard, but, like gold, it is very expensive.
For screening may be enough. Nevertheless, it is unreasonable in patients suspected of having H pylori not to sample the gastric mucosa for histopath, even though this test has an additional cost.
Besides, histopathology is necessary to detect severe complications of Hp necessitating taking special action, especially if mucosa looks abnormal or if the patient is elderly.
RUT is affected by many variables such as bacterial load, patchy distribution of H. pylori in the stomach, the time necessary for seeing the positivity. However, when positive, it can address eradicating treatment.