Yes, definitely!

There are many countries where the institutions do not have the capacity to synchronize student learning, databases, support systems, use innovative educational technologies, and university-wide connectedness...

Yes, definitely!

Yes, they differ from one country to another. The economic-social development of the country and the real possibilities of students and teachers to access the technologies for online learning are important factors to take into account if education is to be guaranteed for all people.

There is great disparity between highly-developed countries from that of not so developed ones. I think it all boils down to the availability of IT infrastructure and competencies of those delivering these online classes. It these two factors are met then delivery of will more likely be the same.

Yes, barriers to online learning differ from country to country. In some countries, the cost of access to internet is much higher than the others. Again, in some countries there is problem with broad band interconnectivity while some countries do not experience this problem because of facilities already on ground. Besides, in some countries, power supply to enjoy online learning is irregular while it is not the case in other countries. Also, the level of infrastructure in some countries make online learning a difficult task which may not be the issue in some developed countries

E learning is a rapidly growing industry globally. However, like other industries it has its own challenges, opportunities and possibilities of growth and development. Definitely, each environment have their own pros and cons, similarly online learning and teaching differs even from one class to another class, from one teacher to another teacher in the aspect of student engagement, logistics required, teaching modalities, hardware and software requirements, learning management systems etc. Having said that also the potential of teachers, students, school culture, home culture (often neglected dimension in online learning) are all the factors which equally contribute to turn an online learning into reality and make it successful.

Under developed, and developing countries although struggle with logistical requirements, however the students are far more motivated towards learning as compared to developed nations.

In conclusion, I would imply that there is no ideal/perfect situation anywhere as far as online or face to face instruction is concerned. Instructional teams need to explore, discover and research their own respective environments to figure out the best possible solutions to deliver their services.

Yes! It greatly differs from country to country. There are still places who even doesnt have any online connection. Also the internet speed greatly differs and so with the cost.

Of course, virtual learning is very difficult in least developed countries because of lack of good strength internet accessibility, electric power and poverty that can't afford the electronic gadgets. At the same time, students and their parents in the remote part of such countries are not aware on the use of such technology. Radio program distance learning could be the convenient and quite practical.

Dear Bijay Subedi , Iris April L Ramirez , Ayesha Kalim , David Oluseyi Oyerinde , Raynor Ereje , Alicia Alonso Becerra Ar Saravanakumar Anton Vrdoljak , thanks indeed for your answers

Yes they differ and at times some difference exists among regions within the same country, availability of internet connection and accessibility to computers or phones can be a serious problem in some regions Luqman M Rababah

thanks a lot Sanaa N Al- Haj Ali

Yes, as the characteristics of a developed nation is different from that of a developing one, so the differences in the barriers of online learning. Think of connectivity, facilities, training or knowledge, expertise, funding etc that are common factors in most of the developing nations!

Thank you dear Matthew Aina

1.數位的學習，對於自制力很強的學生而言，是有學習上的功能，但是自制力不足的學生而言，將有不好的結果。

2.不同的國家，所提供在線學習的系統不同，當然成效不同。

3.教學的老師程度或能力是不同的。而透過在線學習，沒有立即的反饋教學的功能，會出現學習落差的情況。

(1) For students with strong self-control, digital learning has the function of learning, but for students with low self-control, it will have bad results.

(2) Different countries, networks and platforms can provide different online learning systems, and of course the results will be different.

(3) Different teachers have different levels or abilities, and students' learning will be poor if they learn online without feedback.

Even within the United States, access to high speed internet is an issue, especially in rural areas. Also poorer students do not have the money for computers or internet at home. They often try and do the class off of their cell phone with mixed success.

Yes, we have several barriers regarding Online learning in Zambia, load shedding of electricity is one of the major challenges during online examines. Student usually panic whenever, power goes, thus, Covid 19 has some how affected the learning environment in Zambia because E-Learning has been the paradigm shift...

thank you Rodrick Sakamba , Chen Yung-Chih and Gregg W. Etter

Yes it is. It depends on the awareness, availability, skill & competency to learn, affordability, infrastructure, socio-economic scenario and most importantly on the priority of learning in the online mode.

Interesting questions and replies.

In short, the answer is YES, very likely. More or less the previous respondends have given the reasons.

How familiar are peoople (learners, parents, teachers), with online learning?

Is there adequate infrastructure? (fast interent, license for online learning platforms, money for all these)

Is the legal system flexible enough to assist all these?

Online learning barriers; indeed differ from country to country due to different culture and perception. For example, Some government or Public institutions particularly in Africa ....previously could not employ candidates that completed their degrees on 100% online...., hence only few people or government workers could enroll for online programs. Thank God currently the environment and perception is changing ....more especially during COVID 19 pandemic crisis...

I think there is no difference since what barriers the online learning to the other country will come up the same to one country regardless of its context. example, if the America have issues in internet stability, our country have also that problem. if you're talking about poverty to one country it is same in our country too. If you are talking about culture like parents mindset on the internet like it is expensive, that reason is also used by some of other countries. My professor in IT believes that internet has greater impact in education but not all universities can afford it may also be the same to other universities of the other country. My point is, whatever the barriers maybe it will come up the same to other in general. i hope you get my point. anyway God bless to your study.

The problem is not IT, But users (Norms/Culture), not everything is equal. What is culture? What is Technology? Remember, too much change does not mean good...that's why people usually resist to change.

I think the difficulties vary from country to country and their general normality around learning and computers. In so far as culture we would need to question what we mean by culture as cultures can come from an ethnic background or a shared activity and then relate computer use to that.

Dear all, thank you for your insightful analysis.

I would not say that online barriers differ from country to country. rather the difference may be due to geographical, economic, social, educational differences. in a geographically large country like India there is wide disparity between metropolis and rural areas, the disparity is starking. Even in urban areas govt run Municipal schools face problems of connectivity, training etc.