Greetings, 

I am trying to understands Garstang' model of light pollution, however there is few difficulties in understanding this paper.

1. There is  unknown variable such as x,y and U there is essential for the calculation but not available in the data, Can i replace the x and y into the distance and radius?

2. This formula involve a few integration and differentiation, can you show me a how to solve these function?

I included the model and the whole paper in this question, that all, thank you a lot!

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