I , Reginald B. Little (RBL) start this discussion with the application of my theory of negative nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs) causing planetary lightning by trace negative NMMs in insulating background causing wires by rattling of negative NMMs in strong electric field across background insulating air for inducing strong electric fields about the negative NMMs for inducing narrow path of conduction and electron avalanche for producing streamers and step leaders and lightning bolt through resistive air with determining similar mechanism of coronal mass ejections from surface of the sun by such negative NMMs. On earth, the resistive air is solvent of 14N (having positive NMMs) for building up huge charge and potential difference between clouds and cloud and ground and the trace 15N with negative NMMs (and induced Dk field from the negative NMM of 15N) solute determine wire that provide a seed current that discharge the lightning bolt. In Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus the insulating solvent is 1H molecules and trace amounts of solutes of 3He atoms and 15NH3 provide induced paths of lower resistance by the huge electric fields rattling negative NMMs of 15N in NH3 and 3He for discharging the lightning. Uranus and Neptun have less 3He and the discharge would involve 15NH3 in Uranus and Neptune. But Neptune is farther from the Sun and the temperature is below the freezing point of NH3 so RBL in 2023 proposed that NH3 forms lakes in Neptune. Later it was determined in 2024 that possible oceans of NH3 can exist in Neptune and Uranus. But the lower vapor pressure of NH3 in Neptune was proposed by me, Reginald B. Little (RBL), to explain the infrequency of lightning in Neptunian atmosphere.

On basis of my (RBL) theory of negative NMMs causing lightning in these planets, I have on yesterday extended my theory to the Sun and I find success in applying my theory to explain the recently observed huge isotopic fractionation of 3He in solar coronal mass ejections having weak background magnetization of the solar surface and corona. I point out that the sun is a plasma. And I note that lightning is a plasma. Thereby I find consistency in associating negative NMMs for generating the lightning in planetary atmospheric plasma and the lightning like conduction at surface of the sun to likewise favor negative NMMs for accelerating the surface plasma into filaments for solar coronal mass ejections formations. The acceleration of the surface plasma is greater if the negative NMMs are concentrated into the forming filament (leader) for igniting the flare just as the negative NMMs in planetary gases are instrumental in segregating to form a path for streamer and step leaders for mechanism of lightning. Thereby by my theory of negative NMMs I reason the solar coronal mass ejections are enriched in 3He due to the negative NMM of 3He. 4He is not enriched in the solar coronal mass ejections because 4He has zero NMM. One proof of my theory that it is the negative NMM of 3He causing such huge isotopic fractionation in solar coronal mass ejections is the fact that 17O has also been measured to enrich in solar flairs and 17O have negative NMM for consistency of RBL's theory. 25Mg has been observed to enrich in solar flares and like 17O, 25Mg has negative NMM for consistency of RBL's theory. Also 21Ne has been observe with 22Ne to enrich in solar flares and again it is the negative NMM of 21Ne that can explain its isotopic enrichment. There are two exceptions 15N (with its negative NMM) does not enrich in coronal mass ejections. The lack of 15N can be explained as it is a catalyst in CNO cycle and it acts as an intermediate as it strongly binds to protons. This strong binding to protons and the protons (and its positive NMM) with 15N---1H transmuting to 4He and 12C (both 12C and 4He have 0 NMM and would not support enriching 15N in coronal mass ejections) are the solvent of the sun explains why the 15N is not escaping. 13C is slightly enriched in solar flares despite its positive NMM (seeming contrary to RBL's theory) and this descrepancy to RBL theory can be reasoned by CNO cycle as 13C forms from 13N by beta decay. The 13C proton capture transforms 13C to 14N (positive NMMs). But by RBL's theory the proton does not bind 13C as strongly as it binds 15N. Also by RBL's theory the 13C interacting with proton transmutes the proton angular momentum to negative NMM under pressure and temperature. So RBL's theory can explain the 3He concentrating in the coronal mass ejections as due to the negative NMM of 3He! - Reginald B. Little

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