Dear,

This process is to make the most of the condensate water in the cooling process. It will be an alternative to the traditional refrigerator in the near future. The article is in the process of being published

used to develop a control strategy that accommodates a range of influent flow profiles and provides a consistent effluent flow. The digital twin was also used to track water quality through the PWF and WRP system where it was relevant for process control

Digital twin is a method to predict what one cannot measure based on what one can measure. An example could be gas transfer from gas-phase to liquid phase and then to microbial cells in an aeration tank of a WWTP.

The molecular transfer velocity cannot be measured, but the oxygen transfer rate can be predicted by the Principle of Superposition of forces.

Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence principle applied to the dissolved-gas transfer to microbial cells can be explained as follows:

The formula for relativistic kinetic energy (E) of a massive object (in the form of molecular oxygen m0) is E=m0 c^2[1/sqrt(1-v2/c2)-1]

This energy grows rapidly as v approaches c, but that mass m0 is always the same. And for v