Although most people with COVID-19 have mild to moderate symptoms, the disease can cause severe medical complications and lead to death in some people. Older adults or people with existing chronic medical conditions are at greater risk of becoming seriously ill with COVID-19.
Complications can include:
- Pneumonia and trouble breathing
- Organ failure in several organs
- Heart problems
- A severe lung condition that causes a low amount of oxygen to go through your bloodstream to your organs (acute respiratory distress syndrome)
- Blood clots
- Acute kidney injury
- Additional viral and bacterial infections
Please see the following RG links.
Article Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in Covid-19 patients
Article Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Cons...
Article Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)...
In case of COPD lungs lost their elasticity, likewise in asthma, breathing goes on uncontrollable, both cases will enhance COVID-19 severity, like virus specifically concerns with respiratory systems. In case of diabetes, hyperglycemia occurs, in which ketones or acids impair the immune cells (e.g T- lymphocytes neutrophils), so weak immunity will provoke further infections. When lungs will not work properly in response of this virus, then shortage of breathing will put further stress on heart to take oxygen from lungs, then chances of heart stroke would be increased. So, all these somehow interlinked with COVID-19.
COVID-19 as a multisystem disease
COVID-19 mainly affects lungs but can involve heart, kidneys, brain, blood vessels,
liver, eye and nose leading to ARDS, Myocardial infarction, myocarditis, acute renal failure due to acute kidney injury, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral infarction, hepatitis, thrombosis of veins, arteries, loss of smell of taste, skin rash, gangrene etc.
These articles may of help:
Research COVID-19 -A Complex Multi-System and Coagulation Disease: a review
Article Extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19: A multisystem disease?
« In healthy individuals, endothelial cells help regulate blood pressure, prevent inflammation, and inhibit clotting, in part through the continual production of nitric oxide (NO); they also serve as gatekeepers for molecules passing in and out of the bloodstream. When SARS-CoV-2 enters the lungs, it invades cells in the air sacs that transfer oxygen to the blood. Surrounding those sacs are capillaries lined like bricks with endothelial cells. The virus directly invades some of those cells; others become “activated,” likely in response to signals from the invading virus and other damaged cells. Injured, under CoV2 attack, they send out a complex array of signals to immune cells and clotting factors, which rush to repair the site. Damage and other changes in the activated cells trigger vascular leakage, flooding the air sacs with fluid, a hallmark of ARDS. White blood cells swarm to the lungs and NO production plummets»-Science, CM, 02.06.2020
https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/06/blood-vessel-attack-could-trigger-coronavirus-fatal-second-phase
« This mechanism could explain why the disease pummels some patients who have obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions: The cells lining their blood vessels are already compromised. If so, drugs used to treat these conditions might help prevent other COVID-19 patients from sliding into serious disease »
Following the up-mentioned collegues findings, we are pleased to suggest, in all modesty, our teams' posible contribution to an endothelial protection (NOs) :
Article All-trans retinoic acid stimulates gene expression of the ca...
Conference Paper Natriuretic peptide and other cardio-protective genes are st...
Should COVID-CoV2, be called Severe Acute Circulatory Syndrome (SACS) rather than SARS ?
While most persons with COVID-19 recover and return to normal health, some patients can have symptoms that can last for weeks or even months after recovery from acute illness. More serious long-term complications appear to be less common but have been reported. These have been noted to affect different organ systems in the body. These include:
- Cardiovascular: inflammation of the heart muscle
- Respiratory: Lung function abnormalities
- Renal: acute kidney injury
- Dermatologic: rash, hair loss
- Neurological: smell and taste problems, sleep issues, difficulty with concentration, memory problems
- Psychiatric: depression, anxiety, changes in mood. The long-term significance of these effects is not yet known. CDC will continue the active investigation and provide updates as new data emerge, which can inform COVID-19 clinical care as well as the public health response to COVID-19. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects.html
COVID-19 also increases risk of pregnancy complications.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2788985
Kindly consult the following link regarding autoimmune complications of COVID-19.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmv.27292
Risk of diabetes increasing in youth with COVID-19
For details, please have a look at this article link:
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7102e2.htm?s_cid=mm7102e2_w#contribAff
COVID-19 infection increases the risk of erectile dysfunction.
Article COVID-19 Infection Is Associated With New Onset Erectile Dys...
Article The Sexual Long COVID (SLC): erectile dysfunction as a bioma...