How Pressure control or flow control is achieved in a system(Valve).
When a liquid is passed through an orifice, there will be a drop in pressure & increase in Velocity(Kinetic Energy). But the flowrate @ inlet and outlet would be same. In this way pressure can be controlled keeping the flow constant.
But how the control of flow is achieved. How does it impacts pressure??
A flow control valve delivers a constant flow whatever the pressure drop through the valve. The flow rate is the ratio between the pressure gradient between inlet and outlet and the fluidic resistance of the device. To get a constant flow, the fluidic resistance shall vary linearly with the pressure gradient.
Typical examples: see attached publications
In a simple orifice, the flowrate increases with the applied pressure.
Pressure control valves comprise a mechanism that opens the valve above a predetermined pressure threshold, the pressure at the outlet remaining substantially constant while the flow increases dramatically after valve opening. Almost all passive valves on the market or valves in the human body (cardiac valves...) are based on this principle.
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