Countries where the population is still growing rapidly tend also to have high levels of poverty and hunger and to face other serious challenges affecting their problems in future. Because of their delayed social and economic development, these countries are poorly equipped to mitigate or adapt to environmental threats. They need education to awareness about it.

Although the focus here goes in another direction, I include this content I'm developing because it seems relevant to me.

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Energy in Life and Society

In a universe dominated by entropy, where the natural tendency is toward disorder and chaos, the existence of life is a remarkable phenomenon. Every organism, from the simplest life forms to humans, needs a constant supply of energy to resist the march of entropy. This energy is vital not only for survival, but also for growth, reproduction and all essential functions.

In modern society, the energy of human organisms has become the engine that drives almost all activities. From the production of goods to services, human energy is channeled, used and often exploited to fuel the machine of civilization. This dependence has turned human energy into a commodity, something to be managed, optimized and, in many cases, maximized to produce maximum output.

The great historical mistake

The history of humanity is marked by several significant transitions. One of the most impactful was the shift from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural societies. This transition, which initially promised food security and stability, triggered a series of changes that led us to the current economic and social system.

The agricultural revolution and, later, the industrial revolution marked a drastic deviation from the way of life in tune with the life system of Planet Earth. The energy present in human organisms began to be diverted and used in an unprecedented way, feeding a productive machine that grew in complexity and scale. This “error of course” not only created problems such as hunger, but also perpetuated them, using them to justify its own existence.

Human energy has been transformed into a useful form of energy, both physical and intellectual, it is absolutely central to the functioning of the economy. Even with all the technological advances, automation and mechanization, the human contribution of human energy remains irreplaceable in many ways.

- The human workforce is needed to operate machines, perform manual tasks, transport goods and provide services in areas where automation is not yet viable or desirable.

- The human capacity to think, innovate, make decisions, negotiate and adapt is essential. Creative thinking, solving complex problems, interpersonal interaction and making differentiated decisions are skills that, until now, artificial intelligence has not been able to fully replicate.

- Human relations form the basis of many economic activities. Trust, cooperation and communication are central elements in commercial transactions, negotiations and partnerships.

- Consumption is a pillar of the economy. It is humans who make purchasing decisions based on needs, desires, values and emotions. This consumer behavior drives production, employment and economic growth.

While technology and automation have transformed many aspects of production and services, humans continue to be at the center of the economy.

Humans are not just a “part” of the economy; they are the very essence of it.

Without human energy, intellect and decision-making power, the economic system as we know it would not exist.

Uthirasamy .S Thank you for your post; the first contribution, hopefully of good omen for this discussion. You are right: Demography and poverty are closely linked. Population increase depends on human progress, education, and the eradication of poverty and ignorance. The only answer that prevails to control overpopulation, a paramount condition toward a sustainable future in some regions of the world is: more development, more education, more equity, more justice, more peace, in one word; e.g. more humanity. In all the countries of the world, human progress by Knowledge and Education has always been accompanied by a reduction in the birth rate and demographic growth, The reverse is true.

João Carlos Orquiza Thank you for initiating the debate. Speaking of "Energy", in its classical and simple sense, however, its relation to demography is particularly disconcerting. This graph represents an outstanding illustration of the CO2 emission dilemma. It is of remarkable relevance and clarity for these reasons.

1. CO2 emissions are broken down into specific per capita values, which immediately shows that per capita CO2 footprints are much larger in developed and/or rich countries than in developing and/or poor countries. This raises the fundamental question relating to which categories of countries should be held responsible for the effects of global warming.

2. The countries or regions are broken down in population so that the relative CO2 emissions are only the areas of the rectangles calculated as the product (Population X emissions per capita) which gives the areas of the colored rectangles.

3. The surface of the rectangle China (in blue) is the highest: it is the emissions of China that weigh the most on the planet even if the emissions per Chinese inhabitant represent only half of the emissions of a North American or an Arabic- Saudi.

4. The poorest countries (India & all countries in Africa, for example) have very low levels of emissions per inhabitant but relatively large populations. There are two solutions: (i) Reduce populations, (ii) reduce emissions. Solution (i) is morally unacceptable, and solution (ii) is unfair unless all the world population would have the same average per per capita emission.

Source graph: See Legend

Carrying capacity in the case of the human population is related to consumption. The majority who talk about 'population problems' don't discuss the issue of excessive consumption and waste. The world needs people, but not the kind of 'extravagant' greedy kinds who forget the ecological truth that life is in the population (community and ecosystem) and not in the individual body!

Ecologically ignorant individuals demand their comfort and pleasures without limits! It is a problem of education, not population size, which must also be a biologically (ecologically) managed process.

From my experience of being born and raised in a very populated country, I think it is not population size that matters much but the wrong education, which instills in human minds a lot of selfishness and greed as the style of healthy life.

If people are not educated to learn simple life by controlling their desires, the earth won't be sufficient for even a few people to live, and ultimately, humans will go extinct!

Genetic diversity (intrapopulation level) and population size significantly ensure species' survival, including that of humans. Let's not forget that the history of the human species and its survival dates back millions of years, and 'foolish thinking and behavior' has influenced the disappearance of many civilizations from time to time. Let our generation need to be more wise!

In the case of intelligent humans, the minimum size needs to be defined in terms of their designed (learned) lifestyle, but that doesn't mean the biological principles of sustenance can be avoided!

Demographers need to address the issue seriously!

Dear Doctor

Go To

Human population growth and the demographic transition

John Bongaarts

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 Oct 27; 364(1532): 2985–2990.

doi: 10.1098/rstb.2009.0137

"ABSTRACT

The world and most regions and countries are experiencing unprecedentedly rapid demographic change. The most obvious example of this change is the huge expansion of human numbers: four billion have been added since 1950. Projections for the next half century expect a highly divergent world, with stagnation or potential decline in parts of the developed world and continued rapid growth in the least developed regions. Other demographic processes are also undergoing extraordinary change: women's fertility has dropped rapidly and life expectancy has risen to new highs. Past trends in fertility and mortality have led to very young populations in high fertility countries in the developing world and to increasingly older populations in the developed world. Contemporary societies are now at very different stages of their demographic transitions.

Global population growth will continue for decades, reaching around 9.2 billion in 2050 and peaking still higher later in the century. The demographic drivers of this growth are high fertility in parts of the South, as well as declining mortality and momentum. This large expansion in human numbers and of the accompanying changes in the age structure will have multiple consequences for society, the economy and the environment."

Thank you Dear Joseph George Ray for raising one of the prominent 'population problems': the issue of excessive consumption and waste. "Overconsumption is another term that is often associated with overpopulation but brings its own unique set of problems. The overconsumption definition is the use of a region's resources to such an extent that they cease to be replenishable and eventually run out. These resources can be quite varied and include food, water, natural minerals, natural gas, and clean air. Overconsumption is ordinarily a result of overpopulation but can also be caused by other factors as well"

Excerpt from:

https://study.com/learn/lesson/overconsumption-vs-overpopulation.html#:~:text=Overconsumption%20is%20another%20term%20that,replenishable%20and%20eventually%20run%20out.

Jamel, the issue I raised is not overconsumption from overpopulation but the need for a critical outlook on the current consumption and the assessment of the global population size limits discussed based on the contemporary economics and politics of the world! Demographic thinking based on current consumption patterns (decided by contemporary politics, economics, and cultures) may not be ecologically sound!

You are correct that natural resources are not equally distributed over countries. But the question is whether the resources in one part of the world are meant for certain people who have occupied such territories for historical or muscle power reasons.

Who and where is the human being?

Let us ask genuine questions such as who has created the countries and who is responsible for the economic divisions!

Who has given certain people the freedom to rule specific territories as if they are the sole custodians of the same?

All the earthly resources are that of natural ecosystems and are meant for generations to come!

Let us look back at our history for some time!

What happened to the past countries and civilizations?

Its a question of a maximum of thousands of years, but afterward, the current territories will vanish and future territories may emerge!

Wise humans need to learn from history and manage the earth scientifically as our 'common home' for our children, too, where a new discipline of consumption and coexistence of a biologically viable population should sustain a sustainable new world (order) forever!

We should not manage the earth as if our current territories and nationalities would last forever!

Joseph George Ray Thank you for the reply and for the insights. The "current consumption patterns" are not uniform and a large part of the population throughout the world lacks everything and does not have decent access to food, water, sanitation, schools, hospitals, culture, in short, basic human rights. These populations have very low per capita consumption and produce very little waste: they lack everything and do not have decent access to food, water, sanitation, schools, hospitals, culture, in short, basic human rights. Should we also make them feel guilty for being in this world? What needs to be put in place is IMHO: more development, more education, more equity, more justice, more peace, in one word; e.g. more humanity. In all the countries of the world, human progress by Knowledge and Education has always been accompanied by a reduction in the birth rate and demographic growth, The reverse is true.

France 24, Released 8 hours ago, EU's Mediterranean leaders meet on migration. Valletta (AFP) – The leaders of nine Mediterranean and southern European countries, including France's Emmanuel Macron and Italy's Giorgia Meloni, meet Friday in Malta for talks set to focus on migration. "The EU is poised to agree a revamped Pact on Migration and Asylum, which will seek to relieve pressure on frontline countries such as Italy and Greece by relocating some arrivals to other EU states. Those countries opposed to hosting asylum-seekers -- Poland and Hungary among them -- would be required to pay the ones that do take migrants in....Both Meloni and Macron also want to prevent boats departing from North Africa by working more closely with Tunisia, despite questions over the country's human rights standards and treatment of migrants...Rome and Paris are also keen to intensify EU controls at sea. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, who will be at the Malta summit, included the possible expansion of naval missions in the Mediterranean in a 10-point action plan this month in Lampedusa. There are fears arrivals could spiral further if instability in the Sahel affects North African countries. The "Med 9", which brings together Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain, is expected to call for greater investment by the bloc in the so-called Southern Neighbourhood. Extra funding may be earmarked for countries across the Mediterranean's southern shore in the review of the EU's 2021-2027 long-term budget, a European diplomatic source told AFP...."

Read more on:

https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230929-eu-s-mediterranean-leaders-meet-on-migration

To deepen the issues of populations, and demography, in their relations to economic, political, and social concerns, I recommend this book, exhaustive on the question "Global Political Demography The Politics of Population Change", Achim Goerres and Pieter Vanhuysse Editors, 2021, available on open access on:

https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/50413/978-3-030-73065-9.pdf?sequence=1#page=367

"This ambitious open-access book draws the big picture of how population change interplays with politics across the world from 1990 to 2040. Leading social scientists from a wide range of disciplines discuss, for the first time, all major political and policy aspects of population change as they play out differently in each major world region: North and South America; sub-Saharan Africa and the MENA region; Western and East Central Europe; Russia, Belarus and Ukraine; Eastern Asia; Southeast Asia; subcontinental India, Pakistan and Bangladesh; Australia and New Zealand. These macro-regional analyzes are completed by cross-cutting global analyzes of migration, religion and poverty, and age profiles and intra-state conflicts. From all angles, the book shows how strongly contextualized the political management and the political consequences of population change are. While long-term population aging and short-term migration fluctuations present structural conditions, political actors play a key role in (mis-)managing, manipulating and (under-)planning population change, which in turn determines how citizens in different groups react".

EuroNews (Releades 8 hours ago) Almost all Nagorno-Karabakh's ethnic Armenians have fled, Armenia says "The exodus came after Azerbaijan attacked Nagorno-Karabakh on September 19th and ordered the breakaway region’s militants to disarm. Nazeli Baghdasaryan, the press secretary to Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, said that 100,480 had arrived in Armenia from Nagorno-Karabakh, which had a population of around 120,000 before Azerbaijan reclaimed the region in a lightning offensive last week. A total of 21,076 vehicles had crossed the Hakari Bridge, which links Armenia to Nagorno-Karabakh, since last week, Baghdasaryan said. Some lined up for days because the winding mountain road that is the only route to Armenia became jammed. The departure of more than 80% of Nagorno-Karabakh's population raises questions about Azerbaijan’s plans for the enclave, which was internationally recognised as part of its territory. The region's separatist ethnic Armenian government said on Thursday it would dissolve itself by the end of the year after a three-decade bid for independence...."

Read more on:

https://www.euronews.com/2023/09/30/almost-all-nagorno-karabakhs-ethnic-armenians-have-fled-armenia-says

In the same vein. A premonitory analysis of the situation in Nagorno-Karabakh was delivered in the chapter [1] by Askerov 2020, "The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict ". The insight of the analysis is so striking that we can say about politicians: "There is no worse blind person than he who does not want to see". Those who do not read “History” are condemned to find, one day, themselves “Outside of History”.

Excerpt from the conclusion of the Chapter [1] "It gradually becomes apparent that Armenia's new leadership will not be able to change its Karabakh policy in defiance of Moscow's will. Although Pashinyan enjoys popular support in Armenia, which is believed to create a fertile ground for producing and implementing successful policies to deal with the Karabakh problem permanently, he is unlikely to be able to break the chains Armenia is tied with Russia. While visiting Nagorno Karabakh on August 5, 2019, Pashinyan called for the unification of Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia (Kucera, 2019). Originally a zealous advocate of reviving the negotiations with Azerbaijan, more recently, Pashinyan has taken a hard line on the Karabakh issue. One of the main reasons of the change in Pashinyan's stance is a narrow set of choices Armenia enjoys that cannot substitute the role that Russia plays in the life of this country.

To make a breakthrough in the peace process around the Nagorno-Karabakh issue, Yerevan needs to produce new policies independent from Russia that will also open the doors to its future prosperity. An integral part of those policies must be the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with a necessary condition of respecting Azerbaijan’s territorial integrity. However, Armenia’s new government under Pashinyan has not been able to motto any distinctive and extraordinary policy to address the Karabakh predicament. His said statement ended the hopes for peace in the near future. Pashinyan first claimed that he could not represent Armenians of Karabakh, and speak on their behalf because they did not participate in Armenia’s parliamentary elections (Askarov, 2019). He then overstepped his jurisdiction by visiting Nagorno Karabakh region of Azerbaijan, and calling for unification of Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh. Pashinyan’s move is a clear sign of a loose situation around the conflict that characterizes the nature of the peace talks as well. The fact of this thirty-year conflict is that Azerbaijan and Armenia have been unable to turn the truce into a more comprehensive agreement due to their inability to agree on what Nagorno Karabakh’s final status should be. Obviously, the existing “no war—no peace” situation holds nothing good for either Armenia or Azerbaijan."

[1] Askerov, A. (2020). The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict. Post-Soviet conflicts: The thirty years’ crisis, 55. Available on:

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ali-Askerov/publication/345132153_The_Nagorno_Karabakh_Conflict_The_Beginning_of_the_Soviet_End/links/5f9e7a5a458515b7cfaf081d/The-Nagorno-Karabakh-Conflict-The-Beginning-of-the-Soviet-End.pdf

The Guardian (Released 9 hours ago) German government rebukes Elon Musk over refugee rescue criticism. Foreign Office says groups are saving lives as X owner questions role of German NGOs in Mediterranean "...The owner of X, formerly Twitter, retweeted a video on Friday that showed refugees and aid workers on a boat... “Is the German public aware of this?” Musk wrote in his retweet The German federal foreign office replied to Musk directly on X, writing: “Yes. And it’s called saving lives.” Musk responded that he doubted the German public supported the actions of non-government organisations taking asylum seekers from unseaworthy vessels in the Mediterranean. He also claimed it was “surely” a violation of Italy’s sovereignty for German-operated ships to take rescued migrants to Italian territory. “So you’re actually proud of it. Interesting,” he wrote, adding that he thought such maritime operations had “invasion vibes”....

Read more on:

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/30/german-government-rebukes-elon-musk-over-refugee-rescue-criticism

How to control world population growth to alleviate Human Misery? The only answer that prevails is IMHO is: more development, more education, more equity, more justice, more peace, in one word; e.g. more humanity. In all the countries of the world, human progress has always been accompanied by a reduction in the birth rate and demographic growth, The reverse is true. Hereafter the Top countries with the highest and lowest fertilities: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/total-fertility-rate

Top 10 Countries with the Highest Fertility Rates (by births per woman) - World Bank 2021 (2019 data)

Niger - 6.8

Somalia - 6.0

Congo (Dem. Rep.) - 5.8

Mali - 5.8

Chad - 5.6

Angola - 5.4

Burundi - 5.3

Nigeria - 5.3

Gambia - 5.2

Burkina Faso - 5.1

Top 15 Countries with the Lowest Fertility Rates (by births per woman) - World Bank 2021 (2019 data)

South Korea - 0.9

Puerto Rico (U.S. territory) - 1.0

Hong Kong (China SAR) - 1.1

Malta - 1.1

Singapore - 1.1

Macau (China SAR) - 1.2

Ukraine - 1.2

Spain - 1.2

Bosnia and Herzegovina - 1.3

San Marino - 1.3

Moldova - 1.3

Italy - 1.3

Andorra - 1.3

Cyprus - 1.3

Luxembourg - 1.3

Even within a given particular country, the number of children per woman is correlated to household income. For instance, the INSEE study (2020) in France indicates that those who have a standard of living of 633 euros per month have 1.99 children on average, 1.77 for those who receive 946 euros, and 1.53 for those who have 1168 euros monthly. The bar of the average of 1.5 children then passed for those who have 1345 euros (1.46 children on average) and 1514 euros (1.45 children on average).

https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1283771

When speaking of Energy, Development, and Sustainability, one should at first look consider that 30% of the world's population is responsible for 80% of CO2 emissions. The carbon footprint (by person) is directly correlated to consumption and thus to per capita income (see the order of magnitude of figures on the graph). This does not mean that we designate those responsible or that we make the rich feel guilty, not at all. This is a fact that should be highlighted to put into perspective fair, equitable, and effective measures to ensure sustainability. Unfortunately, the driving forces that govern decision-makers on a global scale do not allow today to consider this perception of the "Human Dimension" directly involved in all questions relating to the impacts of anthropic activities on the Environment.

Graph Source: See Legend

See also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Energy_Renewable_Energy_and_Levelized_Cost_Of_Energy_LCOE_Paradoxes/6

This is an interesting case study on demography, water and food security at the national scale in Climate Change context (Bangladesh). Kirby, M., Mainuddin, M. The impact of climate change, population growth and development on sustainable water security in Bangladesh to 2100. Sci Rep 12, 22344 (2022). Available on:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-26807-6

One may read within the conclusion "We conclude that, consistent with the findings of many studies in the literature, pressure on water use in Bangladesh is likely to increase in coming decades. In particular, irrigation water demand in a business-as-usual scenario in the northwest is likely to increase for much of the coming century, potentially exacerbating concerns about sustainable use of groundwater. However, several policy options could reduce this pressure in the northwest, including policies that shift future growth in irrigated cropping to the southwest, shift crops away from rice (particularly Boro rice) perhaps due to a change in food preferences, and limit population growth (perhaps in concert with increased GDP growth). Urban water demand is also projected to grow, to about double the current level. In the case of Dhaka in particular, this would place great pressure on groundwater supplies unless alternative sources are developed".

Illustration from the paper

See also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Food_Water_Security_in_Water-Scarce_Countries/18

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Climate_Change_Water_Resources

PLOS BIOLOGY

Both technological innovations and cultural change are key to a sustainability transition

• Navin Ramankutty (Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability & School of Public Policy and Global Affairs, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada)
• Published: September 21, 2023
• https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002298

We are said to be living in the Anthropocene, a time when human activities are having as great an impact on the Earth system as other geological forces. According to the “Planetary Boundaries” framework, which uses the past 10,000 years (the Holocene) as a benchmark, human influence on the Earth system has greatly exceeded the “safe operating space” across multiple indicators, including climate change, biodiversity loss, and nutrient pollution [1]. A critical message is that even if we solve the climate problem, the biodiversity and nutrient pollution challenges will remain.

Taking biodiversity loss, its biggest cause is habitat loss for plants and animals because of land-use change [2]. And the biggest cause of land-use change is agriculture [3]. So the main leverage for addressing the biodiversity crisis is through modifying land use for agriculture.

How do we do that? We essentially have 2 options. One is to limit the amount of land used for farming by intensifying agriculture. Technology has greatly increased the productivity of agriculture since the 1940s by increasing inputs (e.g., through use of irrigation and fertilizers) and through the development of new seed varieties [3]. Corn yields in the United States of America, for example, increased 6-fold, from approximately 2 tonnes/ha during 1866 to 1940 to nearly 12 tonnes/ha in 2022. Similarly, the Green Revolution increased wheat and rice yields in Asia and Latin America since the 1960s [3]. But input intensification itself can exacerbate biodiversity loss and also lead to the depletion of freshwater, soil degradation, nutrient pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions [3].

Alternatively, we could adopt agroecological farming practices that tread more lightly on the land [4]. Agroecological practices (e.g., intercropping and agroforestry) aim to incorporate ecological processes such as natural pest regulation and biological nitrogen fixation but are often dismissed for having lower yields. Organic agriculture (used here as a proxy for agroecology in the absence of broadscale assessments of the latter) has many environmental benefits per unit area; however, the environmental benefits per unit product are comparable to conventional farming due to its approximately 20% lower yields [5]. In other words, for growing the same amount of food, organic farms are not discernibly better for the environment than conventional farms (although more research and development investment in organic farming might close yield gaps, and organic also has other benefits such as limiting pesticide exposure).

Debate has raged over these 2 alternative strategies and their trade-offs, popularly labeled “land sparing versus land sharing” [3]. But the debate on which alternative is better has missed an important consideration of just how much better. Ultimately, my opinion is that we are fiddling at the margins with either approach when thinking about food system sustainability from a purely supply perspective [6]. The sheer magnitude of the number of people on this planet, and more importantly, our consumption, is driving environment impacts, and small improvements at the margins of production systems will not make a big difference. Such “fiddling at the margins” of production systems is common across many domains, and is maybe why, despite expanding renewable energy and setting aside protected areas, the planet keeps warming and biodiversity keeps crashing. Where does that leave us?

Many argue for transformative change [7]. What does this mean? For some, it means transforming our production practices and economic systems to be more environmentally friendly. For me, it means the need to take a much harder look at the very basis of our consumption. Ten billion people consuming as we do just cannot engineer or model our way out of this crisis. We need to not only change how we produce our food, but to also reduce our consumption. Today’s crop harvests deliver only approximately 60% of their calories to humans, the rest is lost to the metabolism of livestock and to bioenergy [8]. Shifting to plant-based diets can be good for the planet and also good for human health [9]. We also need to reduce food waste, given that approximately 30% is wasted. Transformative change is also important because our consumption touches on multiple environmental crises at the same time. Without transformative change, we might end up solving one problem while making another worse, or creating new ones. For example, nuclear fusion may help to solve the climate problem but the plentiful availability of carbon-free energy will enhance our capacity to clear and modify the land even more and may exacerbate the biodiversity and nutrient pollution problems. Finally, transformative change is critical to addressing the massive inequalities in society (economic, environmental, and food-related, among others).

As we think about what transformative change means, we may do well to embrace some principles from the peoples who have had a sustained and long history of responsible resource use—Indigenous Peoples and traditional local communities. These traditional communities have had a very different relationship with the land and resources than modern societies do. Their knowledge–practice–belief system, built on centuries of “diachronic observations” [10], emphasizes the coevolution of humans and nature and embodies respect for the environment and responsible use of land and resources over multiple generations, including never taking more from the land than needed and giving back to the land in reciprocity for what you take from it [11]. So transformative change is about changing cultural norms to embrace important ideas of respect, responsibility, sufficiency, and reciprocity.

João Carlos Orquiza, Thank you for the excellent insights you provided. I totally agree with your conclusion "So transformative change is about changing cultural norms to embrace important ideas of respect, responsibility, sufficiency, and reciprocity." Great! Bravo.

The EU is aware that immigration is not an option; it is an economic necessity and a vital social imperative to support economies and fund pensions in an aging Europe. To understand these socio-eco-politico-demographic issues, I recommend this remarkable research by Gérard-François Dumont 2019 (in French)[1]. The graphs presented are precisely drawn from this study where one can read in a commentary to the two figures: Figure 1. Projection of the number of working people aged 15-64 for those aged 65 or over in the EU28 - Figure 2. Projection of dependency ratios in the EU28 (Own translation from French)

"It is possible to shed light on these three parameters, i.e. the numbers of the generations arriving at the age of 65, conventionally used here as the retirement age, the number of years of retirement and the numbers of the population of to create wealth, by projecting the number of working people aged 15-64 for those aged 65 or over in the EU28 and dependency ratios.

In 2016, the EU28 had 3.4 people in the 15-64 age group for every person aged 65 or over. This figure could fall below 3 in 2024, below 2.5 in 2033, then below 2 in 2055, and then remain almost at 1.9. With regard to dependency relationships, a distinction must be made between that of the elderly, or seniors' relationship, and that of the young, or juvenile relationship. Both should increase, but in different proportions. The number of young people aged 0-14 per hundred people aged 15-64 should increase almost linearly from 23.9 in 2016 to 27.4 in 2080. The number of people aged 65 or over per hundred people aged 15- 64 years would increase considerably, from 28.1 in 2016 to 51.0 in 2054, and then stagnate at this high level.

The lessons from the data and projections are clear: a greatly increased number of people in retirement if the latter is effective at age 65, a lower number of people of working age. How to finance pensions in the face of this strong divergence?"

[1]Gérard-François Dumont. La question des retraites en Europe : les données structurelles. Cahiers du Centre, Centre des professions financières, 2019, pp.6-19. Available on: https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02082481/document

On feeding World population. It takes about 20 m3 of water to produce 1 kg of beef; more than half for the production of one kg of sheepmeat and more than a third for the kg of poultry meat. Depending on the bioclimatic conditions, it takes between 1 and 3 m3 of water to produce 1 kg of cereals. It's hard to imagine a world where its entire population consumes as much meat as in North America or Europe. What would then be the agricultural areas and the volumes of water required? What would be the quantities of fertilizers and pesticides used? what would be their effects on the environment and on natural resources?

Scientists have to imagine unconventional solutions to meet the future food needs of the world's population. Researchers would be well inspired to find new unconventional ways to improve the production of biomass, particularly proteins, to feed the world population with less impact on the environment.

The expected populations by 2030 in Millions are: China (1,415.605) United States of America (352,162), Australia (28,202), New Zealand (5,495). Australia+New Zealand (33,697)[See 1]. According to the graph, you showed the per Capita per year CO2 Emissions by 2030, would be around: Australi/New Zealand (26 tons/Capita), USA (18 tons/Capita), and China (8 tons/Capita). Don't mention India, Africa, and other low-income regions: negligible! A Chinese still has some margin before reaching the level of emissions of an Australian (3 times). And an African can multiply his emissions by 100 before reaching the same level.

It is difficult to hold a fair speech without this hidden truth, and not highlighted enough for a simple reason: what if it comes to assuming responsibility?

[1] https://www.populationpyramid.net/population-size-per-country/2030/

Graph Source: See Legend

World population growth, and its foreseeable evolution in the future, have favored the emergence of a certain number of theses on the limits that the earth could have in sustainably satisfying the nutritional needs of all its occupants. Some of this research concerns the estimation of the human footprint on the biosphere and the hydrosphere (Vitousek, 1986; Rojstaczer et al., 2001), and the measurement of this impact involves the estimation of the human appropriation of terrestrial net primary production (HTNPP), in particular in agriculture, urban green spaces, the exploitation of wetlands, forests, grasslands, savannahs, rangelands, deserts; primary production being expressed in the quantity of biomass. The Table presents the estimate of the different components of the NTPP, the total of which is established at 132. billion tons of dry matter/year. This table also presents published estimates of HTNPP values: the most plausible place the level of human appropriation of the global TNPP at nearly 30% of the earth's potential (Vitousek, 1986; Rojstaczer et al., 2001). For more details please see the following Chapter (In French).

Chapter Les Problèmes de l’Eau dans le Monde

Within Sécurité Hydrique de la Tunisie, Gérer l'eau en conditions de pénurie, January 2014, Edition: L'Harmattan. Chapters available on: Chapter Sécurité Hydrique de la Tunisie : Préface & Introduction

Chapter Les Problèmes de l’Eau dans le Monde

Chapter Cinquante ans de politiques de l’eau, 1960-2010

Chapter Le Bilan Hydrique National

Chapter Le bilan Hydrique Intégral : Eau Bleue, Eau Verte et Eau Virtuelle

Chapter La gestion de la demande en eau et les ressources non conventionnelles

Chapter Sécurité Hydrique de la Tunisie, les questions en débat.

Chapter Sécurité Hydrique de la Tunisie : Conclusion & Postface

On Immigration Paradox. In the study by Dr. Korok Ray "Confronting the Immigration Paradox. The Center for Growth and Opportunity, 2023", the author tackles the economic aspect of immigration in the US. "According to Ray, the United States could sell visas to immigrants for $80,000 and collect between $49 billion and $670 billion in revenue from the visa sales. The proceeds could then be used to offset any societal costs associated with increased immigration". Article available on:

https://www.thecgo.org/research/confronting-the-immigration-paradox/

See also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Sciences_Paradoxes

To measure the Anthropic pressure on Natural Resources, Deforestation at the Global Scale is in this regard an obvious example (See Maps).

Illustration Maps: Virgin Forest in the U.S. From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation_in_the_United_States

See also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Energy_Renewable_Energy_and_Levelized_Cost_Of_Energy_LCOE_Paradoxes

"Ultimately, the current settlement of the Mediterranean raises the question of its effects on ecosystems. Natural hazards are a real problem for societies (Laria, 2008). They will be accentuated by the densification of the population, the significant littoralisation of the population, urbanisation and climate change. The question is therefore that of the sustainability of the settlement in these conditions, and of the adaptation of societies, since the changes brought about will be inevitable" This is the ultimate conclusion of the recent Chapter:

Doignon, Y., Blöss-Widmer, I., Ambrosetti, E., Oliveau, S. (2023). Spatial Distribution of Population and Urbanisation. In: Population Dynamics in the Mediterranean. SpringerBriefs in Population Studies. Springer,

Available on:

Chapter Spatial Distribution of Population and Urbanisation

The chapter by DellaPergola, S., 2023, "World Jewish Population, 2022, Chapter 7, In: Dashefsky, A., Sheskin, I.M. (eds) American Jewish Year Book 2022, vol 122. Springer, Cham", examines the world’s Jewish population size, geographical distribution, alternative definitions, changes over time, and their determinants. "...On January 1, 2022, the world’s Jewish population was estimated at 15,253,500—an increase of 83,000 (0.55%) above the 2021 revised estimate of 15,170,500. This estimate reflects a review of Jewish populations in 103 countries and territories with at least 100 Jews. The world’s total population increased by 0.81% in 2021. The rate of increase of world Jewry hence amounted to about two thirds of that of the world’s total population. All world Jewish population increase derived from growth in the State of Israel, while in most other countries the number of Jews remained stable or slightly declined. The largest core Jewish population was in Israel with 6,983,000, followed by the US with 6,000,000. Other countries with core Jewish populations above 100,000 comprised France (442,000), Canada (394,000), the UK (292,000), Argentina (173,000), the Russian Federation (145,000), Australia (118,200) and Germany (118,000). All these figures reflect an update of the data published in the AJYB 2021. A recent upward adjustment in the US, hence in world figures, entailed retroactive corrections for several previous years—demonstrating the paradox of the permanently provisional nature of Jewish population estimates."

On the good use of the term "colony" How did the public debate come to make the term “Settler” (Colon) and its derivatives a political and media issue? To answer this question, the Historian and Sociologist, Jérôme Bourdon, retraces in an excellent paper in AOC, November 8, 2023, "Du bon usage du terme « colonie » en Israël-Palestine (On the good use of the term "colony" in Israel-Palestine)", the history of the term and its use. There one can read (Own translation): "Tragically back in the spotlight of the international media, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is causing more intense polarization than ever. In France, the public debate focuses a lot on the use of the word "terrorism". Less visible, but no less sensitive, is the use of the word “colon” and its derivatives (in the following: “colon*”): to be brandished for some, to be banned for others.

This word appeared less in reports than in manifestos, positions, petitions, demonstrations, and this since the Hamas attack on Israeli territory on October 7, 2023. Small anthology. Press release from the New Anticapitalist Party, on the day of the attack: “Since this morning, a vast offensive has been launched from Gaza by Hamas in “Israeli” territory [NDA – quotation marks in the original]. […] In addition to the rockets fired at several military posts, certain settlements around Gaza were acquired from the resistance.” The next day, on the Electronic Intifada website, Joseph Massad, professor of “Middle Eastern Studies” at Columbia University: “No less surprising was the capture by the Palestinian resistance of several settlements near Gaza”; his article uses “colon*” twenty-one times. The same day, petition from pro-Palestinian Harvard students: “The days to come will require taking a firm stand against colonial reprisals.” On October 10, a call to demonstrate in a CGT leaflet in Lille, in “support of the Palestinian people fighting against the colonial state of Israel..."

Read the article in French on:

https://aoc.media/analyse/2023/11/07/du-bon-usage-du-terme-colonie-en-israel-palestine/

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_totalitarianism

LAProgressive, November 7, 2023, by Norman Solomon, (His most recent book, War Made Invisible: How America Hides the Human Toll of Its Military Machine, was published in June 2023 by The New Press) Israel Military Is Part of U.S. War Machine. Excerpt. "The governments of Israel and the United States are now in disagreement over how many Palestinian civilians it’s okay to kill. Last week—as the death toll from massive Israeli bombardment of Gaza neared 10,000 people, including several thousand children—top U.S. officials began to worry about the rising horrified outcry at home and abroad. So, they went public with muted misgivings and calls for a “humanitarian pause.” But Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu made clear that he would have none of it.

Such minor tactical discord does little to chip away at the solid bedrock alliance between the two countries, which are most of the way through a 10-year deal that guarantees $38 billion in U.S. military aid to Israel. And now, as the carnage in Gaza continues, Washington is rushing to provide extra military assistance worth $14 billion..."

Read the Article on:

https://www.laprogressive.com/the-middle-east/israel-military

Comment: If one counts only the extra military assistance worth $14 billion to Kill all Palestinians in Gaza, this amounts to $6000 per inhabitant. What Cynical!

Populations' fertility is closely linked to human progress, education, and the eradication of poverty and ignorance. The only answer that prevails to control world population growth toward a sustainable future is: more development, more education, more equity, more justice, more peace, in one word; e.g. more humanity. In all the countries of the world, human progress by Knowledge and Education has always been accompanied by a reduction in the birth rate and demographic growth, The reverse is true.

Paradoxically, education and knowledge transfer is occurring in the counter-sens. South/North Knowledge transfer is not a recent phenomenon: In Africa, the countries most affected by the brain drain in the early 2000s are low-income countries: Cape Verde (67% of qualified personnel), Gambia (63%), Mauritius (56%), Morocco (17%), Tunisia (9.6%), Egypt (4.6%), Burkina Faso (2.6%). The islands of Cape Verde, Samoa, Gambia and Somalia have seen in recent years more than half of their executives leave for rich countries.

Jeune Afrique n°2340, du 13 au 19 novembre 2005, p96

The America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2021 continues a series of annual reports to the Nation on conditions affecting children in the United States. Insoutenable figures are displayed in this report https://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/index10.asp Highlights:

Demographic Background

• There were 72.8 million children ages 0–17 in the United States in 2020, a decrease of 1.3 million since 2010. The number of children is projected to increase to 78.2 million in 2050. (POP1)

• Racial and ethnic diversity have grown dramatically in the United States in the last 3 decades. This growth was first evident among children. This population is projected to become even more diverse in the decades to come. In 1990, 69% of U.S. children were White, non-Hispanic. For 2020, the percentage of children who are White, non-Hispanic is estimated at just under 50%. By 2050, 39% of U.S. children are projected to be White, non-Hispanic, and 31% are projected to be Hispanic (up from 26% in 2020). (POP3)

Family and Social Environment

• In 2020, about 70% of all children ages 0–17 lived with two parents (67% with two married parents and 4% with two unmarried cohabiting parents), 21% lived with only their mothers, 5% lived with only their fathers, and 4% lived without a parent in the household. (FAM1.A)

• In 2019, the birth rate among unmarried women ages 15–44 was 40 births for every 1,000 women, down from 50 per 1,000 in 2009. Generally, the percentage of births to unmarried women decreased with age; mothers under age 15 were more likely to be unmarried, whereas mothers ages 35–39 were more likely to be married.(FAM2)

• In 2019, among children ages 3–5 who were not yet enrolled in kindergarten and who had employed mothers, 58% received center-based care as their primary care arrangement. This percentage was higher than the corresponding percentages whose primary care arrangement was relative care (17%), home-based nonrelative care (10%), multiple nonparental care arrangements for equal amounts of time (2%), or only parental care (14%). (FAM3)

• In 2019, about 23% of school-age children spoke a language other than English at home, and 4% of school-age children spoke a language other than English at home and had difficulty speaking English. (FAM5)

• The adolescent birth rate among females ages 15–17 declined from 20 per 1,000 in 2009 to 7 per 1,000 in 2019, a record low for the country. (FAM6)

• In 2019, the rate of substantiated victims of child maltreatment was 8.9 per 1,000 children ages 0–17. Neglect is by far the most common form of maltreatment, with 75% of child maltreatment victims being neglected and 18% physically abused. (FAM7)

Economic Circumstances

• In 2019, 14.4% of all children ages 0–17 (10.5 million) lived in poverty, 1.8 percentage points lower than in 2018. For all children, the 2019 supplemental poverty measure (SPM) was 12.5%, 1.9 percentage points lower than the official poverty rate of 14.4%. (ECON1)

• The percentage of children who had at least one parent working year-round, full time increased to 80% in 2019. (ECON2)

• About 10.7 million children (14.6% of all children) lived in households that were classified as food insecure in 2019. (ECON3)

Health Care

• In 2019, the percentage of children ages 0–17 without health insurance at the time of interview was 5%. Hispanic children were more likely to be uninsured (7%) compared with White, non-Hispanic (4%) and Black, non-Hispanic (3%) children in 2019. (HC1)

• In 2019, about 3% of children ages 0–17 had no usual source of health care. Children with no health insurance (18%) were more likely to have no usual source of care compared with children who had private (2%) or public (3%) health insurance. (HC2)

• For children born in 2016, those in families with incomes below the poverty threshold had lower vaccination coverage of 61% compared with 73% for those in families with incomes at or above the poverty level. (HC3.A)

• In 2019, vaccination coverage for adolescents ages 13–17 years for one dose (or more) of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was 72% and up-to-date (UTD) coverage was 54%. Since 2011, vaccination coverage for adolescents ages 13–17 years has steadily increased for two of the routinely recommended vaccinations for adolescents, Tdap and MenACWY. (HC3.B)

• In 2019, the percentage of children ages 5–17 years with a dental visit in the past year was 91%. Children who lacked health insurance coverage were less likely to have a dental visit in the past year (66%) compared with children who had private (93%) or public (92%) health insurance coverage. (HC4.A)

• In 2017–2018, the percentage of children ages 5–17 with untreated dental caries (i.e., cavities) was 12%. Children in families with incomes below poverty were more than twice as likely to have untreated dental caries (19%) compared with children in families with incomes at or above 200% of the poverty level (7%). (HC4.B)

Physical Environment and Safety

• In 2019, about 51% of children lived in counties with measured pollutant concentrations above the levels of one or more the EPA's National Ambient Air Quality Standards at least once during the year. Ozone is the pollutant most often measured above its current air pollution standard. (PHY1)

• Overall, the percentage of children ages 4–11 with detectable blood cotinine levels—a chemical marker of recent exposure to secondhand smoke—was 36% in 2017–2018. Approximately 57% of Black, non-Hispanic children ages 4–11 had detectable blood cotinine levels compared with 39% of White, non-Hispanic children and 22% of Mexican American children. (PHY2)

• In 2019, about 2% of all children served by community water systems were served by systems that had violations of the disinfection byproducts standard. Exposure to disinfection byproducts may lead to cancer or developmental effects. (PHY3)

• In 2019, 38% of U.S. households (both owners and renters) with children had one or more of three housing problems: physically inadequate housing, crowded housing, or housing cost burden greater than 30% of household income. This is a statistically significant decrease from 2017 levels. (PHY5)

• In 2019, the rate at which youth were victims of serious violent crimes was 6 per 1,000 youth ages 12–17. (PHY6)

• In 2017–2018, falls were the leading cause of injury-related emergency department visits among children ages 1–4 (65 visits per 1,000 children) and among children ages 5–14 (33 visits per 1,000 children). (PHY7.A)

• In 2019, the leading injury-related cause of death among children ages 1–4 was drowning (2 per 100,000), whereas motor-vehicle-traffic-related injuries (2 per 100,000) were the leading injury-related cause of death among children ages 5–14. (PHY7.B)

• In 2017–2018, being struck by or against an object or person (26 visits per 1,000) was the leading cause of injury-related emergency department visits among adolescents ages 15–19. (PHY8.A)

• In 2019, unintentional injuries were the leading cause of injury-related death among both male (23 per 100,000) and female (10 per 100,000) adolescents ages 15–19. Among males, death rates were similar for suicide (16 per 100,000) and homicide (15 per 100,000). Among females, death rates for suicide (5 per 100,000) were higher than homicide (3 per 100,000). (PHY8.B)

Behavior

• In 2019, the percentages of students who reported smoking cigarettes daily in the past 30 days continued to be at historically low levels with 1% of 8th-, 1% of 10th-, and 2% of 12th-grade students reporting use. (BEH1)

• Youth binge drinking rates remained unchanged among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders from 2018 to 2019. (BEH2)

• In 2019, illicit drug use in the past 30 days was reported by 9% of 8th graders, 20% of 10th graders, and 24% of 12th graders. These estimates were not significantly different from 2018. Marijuana continues to be the main driver of trends in illicit drug use. (BEH3)

• The percentage of students reporting ever having had sexual intercourse declined from 54% in 1991 to 46% in 2001 and was relatively stable through 2013 (47%) before decreasing to 38% in 2019. (BEH4)

• In 2019, the serious violent crime offending rate was 6 crimes per 1,000 youth ages 12–17; there were 146,000 serious violent crimes involving youth. (BEH5)

Education

• Approximately 85% of children ages 3–5 who were not yet in kindergarten were read to three or more times per week by a family member in 2019. This rate was higher than the rate in 1993 (78%), although it fluctuated in the intervening years. (ED1)

• At both Grades 4 and 8, the average mathematics scores in 2019 were higher than in 1990. The Grade 4 2019 average mathematics score was higher than the 2017 average score, but the Grade 8 2019 average mathematics score was lower than the 2017 average score. The average reading scores in 2019 at Grades 4 and 8 were lower than the scores in 2017 but higher than the scores in 1992. (ED2)

• In 2017–18, about 23% of public high school students were enrolled in geometry, 20% were enrolled in algebra II, 16% were enrolled in advanced mathematics, 5% were enrolled in calculus, and 5% were enrolled in Advanced Placement mathematics. During the same period, about 30% of public high school students were enrolled in biology, 20% were enrolled in chemistry, 11% were enrolled in physics, and 6% were enrolled in Advanced Placement science. (ED3)

• In 2019, some 94% of young adults ages 18–24 had completed high school with a diploma or an alternative credential such as a General Educational Development (GED) certificate. The high school completion rate has increased since 2000, when it was 86%. (ED4)

• In 2020, 10% of youth ages 16–19 were neither enrolled in school nor working, an increase from the prior year. (ED5)

• In 2019, some 66% of high school completers enrolled in a 2-year or 4-year college in the fall immediately following their graduation from high school. (ED6)

Health

• The percentage of infants born preterm varied year-to-year from 2009 to 2019, but was about 10% throughout the period. In 2019, 8% of infants were born with low birthweight. Infants born to Black, non-Hispanic women were the most likely to have low birthweight (14%) compared with infants born to Asian, non-Hispanic (9%); American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic (8%); Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic (8%); Hispanic (8%); and White, non-Hispanic (7%) women. (HEALTH1)

• In 2019, 6% of parents reported that their child had serious emotional or behavioral difficulties. Parents were more likely to report serious emotional or behavioral difficulties for boys (7%) than for girls (4%). (HEALTH3)

• In 2019, about 16% of the population ages 12–17 had a major depressive episode (MDE) during the past year, a higher prevalence than that reported in each year between 2004 (9%) and 2014 (11%). (HEALTH4)

• During 2017–2018, the average Total HEI-2015 scores for ages 2–5, 6–11, and 12–17 were 61, 53, and 51, respectively, out of 100. Overall, the total diets of children and adolescents did not align with the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (HEALTH6)

• In 2019, among children ages 0–17, 7% of children were reported to currently have asthma, and 3% of children had one or more asthma attacks in the past year. In 2019, 14% of Black, non-Hispanic children were reported to currently have asthma compared with 7% of Hispanic; 6% of White, non-Hispanic; and 4% of Asian, non-Hispanic children. (HEALTH8)

I am posting this reply on another thread. @*** wrote "Dana International calls for the return of the abducted..., The video was created entirely voluntarily as part of the headquarters' efforts to mobilize support for the global LGBT community... " Speaking of LGBT, the paper by Amit, H. (2016). "Why do LGBT Israelis leave the country?. 972 Magazine.", sheds light on LGBT community in Israel. Excerpt: "Whether because of growing homophobia or their criticism of the occupation, some queer Israelis are leaving and say they’re not coming back. Most academic literature on the issue of emigration from Israel is written from a Zionist perspective, thus telling a one-sided story. According to the story, Israeli emigrants feel a strong connection to Israel; they left the country mainly for economic reasons; they are sad to have left; and they wish to return to their homeland. The literature on the topic addresses a very narrow group of participants, who seem to pop up in most studies. The focus is usually on emigrants to the U.S., mostly married couples, all of whom served in the Israeli army (army service is sometimes even a mandatory criterion for participation in the study), and are heterosexuals. In addition, these academic works did not provide a voice to Israeli emigrants who are critical of Israeli society or policies, and describe this criticism as the main reason (or part of the reason) for leaving the country".

The paper is Available On:

https://www.academia.edu/download/54121655/Why_do_LGBT_Israelis_leave_the_country_____972_Magazine.pdf

The Water Security and Sustainable Development Hub is a five-year project improving water security for a resilient future. Water security – a sustainable and adequate quantity and quality of water – is essential to human life, food and energy security, health and well-being, and economic prosperity. Yet nearly eighty percent of the world’s population live in areas where water security is thwarted by pressures such as climate change, conflict, ecosystem damage, extreme weather, gender inequalities, land degradation, over-abstraction, pollution, poor governance and uncontrolled urbanisation. The Hub brings together an international team to address these threats and contribute towards achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation).

See more on:

https://www.watersecurityhub.org/

The recent study [1] by Alasttal et al. (2023), "The Role of the United Nations in Protecting the Right to Development in Occupied Palestine" examines the obstacles to the development process in Palestine and the role of the United Nations in supporting Palestinian populations under Israeli occupation. From the outset, the authors specify that (quote): "Talking about human rights in the absence of development is nonsense. Therefore, Palestinian human rights are deficient due to the disruption of development in the occupied Palestinian territories". By analyzing the socio-political and economic obstacles to development in the occupied territories, the authors come to the following conclusion (quote): "The Israeli occupation is the main obstacle to Palestinian development, this is indicated by UN Resolution No. 73/98 (2018), where Israel continues to occupy and fragment the Palestinian land, control all Palestinian resources and destroy the infrastructure by military force to impose its control over Palestinian decisions and prevent the Palestinians from achieving development projects that liberate them from economic dependence and finances of the occupation".

[1] Alasttal, A., Magassing, A. M., Maskun, M., & Sakharina, I. K. (2023). The role of the United Nations in protecting the right to development in occupied Palestine. Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 31(1), 138-156.

The paper is available on:

https://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/legality/article/download/25836/12349

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/War_Peace

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Europe-Africa_Europe-America_Europe-Asia_Je_taime_moi_non_plus

On Population Sustainability. Uncanny book by Hélène Gateau published by Albin Michel on November 13, 2023. Pourquoi j'ai choisi d'avoir un chien (et pas un enfant) "Why I chose to have a dog (and not a child)" ( Own Translation). Presentation: Hélène Gateau delivers here a lively and touching testimony on her relationship with Colonel, an adorable border terrier. She explores with finesse her bonds of attachment to her dog, her non-desire for children, the questions of those around her, the porous border which sometimes separates the world of animals from that of humans... Thus, while drawing on sociological or scientific studies, it sheds new light on the place that an animal can take in one's life. Under his pen takes shape – not without a bit of provocation! – a whole reflection on a way of life at the crossroads of two social trends: no kid and petparenting. But isn’t all this ultimately just about love? Source: Publisher

About the Author: Hélène Gateau is a veterinarian, radio animal columnist and presenter of television programs (such as Hélène et les animals) and documentaries. She is the author of several books on the behavior of dogs and cats.

Released Today: Editorial [1] by Robertson, T., What future are we creating? "As I write this editorial on the morning of 14 November 2023, the Israeli bombardment of Gaza enters its 39th day. Lack of power, medical consumables, oxygen, food and water, not to mention the daily bombardments and fighting, have meant most of the hospitals in Gaza City and northern Gaza are no longer functioning. For example, in the Shifa Hospital, as of midnight, between 12 and 13 November, ‘600–650 inpatients, 200-500 staff, and 1,500 internally displaced persons were believed to have remained in the hospital. Among the patients at heightened risk of death were reportedly 36 babies in incubators and a number of kidney dialysis patients’ (OCHA, 2023a). The World Health Organization (WHO) has described the hospital as ‘nearly a cemetery’ (Slow, 2023). Some 11,000 people have been reported dead in Gaza since the conflict started, with over 27,000 injuries, reflecting 0.5% and 1.2% of the total population of 2.3 million. Further, 70% of Gazans, some 1.6 million people, have been internally displaced (OCHA, 2023b). Housing, food, water, sanitation, education and health are all severely impacted in this humanitarian crisis. Who knows what the situation will be like by the time you read this and when our January issue is published. What is happening in Gaza is heartbreaking, but also should not distract us from the other major conflicts and atrocities taking place in the likes of Syria, Yemen, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan and Ukraine (to name just a few). As we start to face up to the reality of climate change, conflicts over finite resources and inhabitable land will only escalate..."

[1] Robertson, T. (2023). What future are we creating?. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 1(aop), 1-3.

Read more on:

https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/view/journals/llcs/aop/article-10.1332-17579597Y2023D000000006/article-10.1332-17579597Y2023D000000006.xml

Politicians, States, and International organizations continue today to have no problems at all dealing with dictatorial and corrupt regimes in the middle east, in Asia, and in Africa, And have no scruples to "spoliate" (the word is too weak) and appropriate the wealth of their poor peoples. Many worldwide have not yet understood that developing countries, in Africa and elsewhere, of the last Century are gone, and they are now in a new dynamic, certainly slow but sure in establishing healthy win-win cooperative relationships with developing countries in Africa and Asia. Pragmatic, direct without interference or hypocrisy, those of the givers of lessons.

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_totalitarianism

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Europe-Africa_Europe-America_Europe-Asia_Je_taime_moi_non_plus

"Adopting policies that encourage eco-friendly practices, resource management, and sustainable urban design are essential for enhancing environmental sustainability in the context of internal migration. Additionally, teaching migrants about the value of environmental preservation and promoting awareness of its importance can significantly help mitigate any negative effects". This is the ultimate conclusion of the review (released 10 days ago):

Hossain, M. A. Relationship between Internal Migration and Environmental Sustainability: A Review.

Article Relationship between Internal Migration and Environmental Su...

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

Interesting paper on National Water and Food Security in Tunisia, by Souissi, A., Mtimet, N., McCann, L., Chebil, A., & Thabet, C. 2022, Determinants of Food Consumption Water Footprint in the MENA Region: The Case of Tunisia. Sustainability, 14(3), 1539. Available on:Article Determinants of Food Consumption Water Footprint in the MENA...

Abstract: Tunisia, like most countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, has limited renewable water resources and is classified as a water stress country. The effects of climate change are exacerbating the situation. The agricultural sector is the main consumer (80%) of blue water reserves. In this study, to better understand the factors that influence the food water footprint of Tunisian consumers, we used a multiple linear regression model (MLR) to analyze data from 4853 households. The innovation in this paper consists of integrating effects of socio-economic, demographic, and geographic trends on the food consumption water footprint into the assessment of water and food security. The model results showed that regional variations in food choices meant large differences in water footprints, as hypothesized. Residents of big cities are more likely to have a large water footprint. Significant variability in water footprints, due to different food consumption patterns and socio-demographic characteristics, was also noted. Food waste is also one of the determining factors of households with a high water footprint. This study provides a new perspective on the water footprint of food consumption using household” level data. These dietary water footprint estimates can be used to assess potential water demand scenarios as food consumption patterns change. Analysis at the geographic and socio-demographic levels helps to inform policy makers by identifying realistic dietary changes.

On Nickel Industry and Uncontacted Population in Indonesia. Spurgin, S., 2023. Concerns About a Potential Critical Minerals Agreement with Indonesia, Public Citizen, United States of America. Summary: ... On Halmahera Island, attempts to bulldoze the forest have led to confrontations with an uncontacted tribe of Indigenous Peoples, the Hongana Manyawa. [...] including freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining; (v) require that companies and projects respect and uphold the legal rights of self- determination and Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) for Indigenous people and local communities; (vi) require companies to undertake due diligence aligned with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Hu. [...] A just transition is within reach and can boost the prosperity of Indonesia and the United States.

https://policycommons.net/artifacts/8248232/concerns-about-a-potential-critical-minerals-agreement-with-indonesia/9165267/

Of Uncontacted. "..This hermeneutical game we play with the world, whereby we claim to interpret its presence by first providing it with representations that we ultimately can decipher, has allowed us some comfort in satisfying our desire of knowledge acquisition. But it still remains a game we play with ourselves within the realm of our own language.

So, rather than a war of words,

which best to interpret the world?

“Uncontacted,”

“voluntary-isolation,”

“self-isolation,” even

“controlled isolation”?

From our storehouse of modernist thoughts,

from our archive of Western knowledge,

from our moral judgements and privileged voyeurism,

from traces of The Tribe that Hides from Man (Cowell 1974),

First Contact Tourism (Bell, Brown, and Gordon 2013),

Human Zoos, even Black Face Minstrelsy (Stasch 2016),

the “problem,”

the “question,”

is not in the world,

but in our interpretations

of the world.

Thus, for the purpose of this debate,

I acquiesce to “Uncontacted” and

to an anthropology hermeneutically

sealed off from the living world.

This, then, is the humble purpose of my contribution. Not to engage in warring polemics, not to direct in a fusillade fashion factual evidence against opposing ideas and, certainly not, through such tactics of our particular “regime of truth,” to somehow claim a shallow victory and a vain supremacy".

This is an excerpt of the excellent paper:

Mentore, G. (2019). The" Uncontacted" as Third Infamy. Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America, 16(1), 69-87.

Available on:

https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1309&context=tipiti

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_Conscience

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_totalitarianism

This is an excellent referenced recent research by Korotayev, A., Malkov, S., Musieva, J. (2023). Demography: Toward Optimization of Demographic Processes. In: Sadovnichy, V., Akaev, A., Ilyin, I., Malkov, S., Grinin, L., Korotayev, A. (eds) Reconsidering the Limits to Growth. World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures. Springer, Cham.

Abstract: The present chapter analyzes one of the most important factors in world development—the dynamics of global demographic growth, which demonstrates that the fears of uncontrolled population growth expressed in the framework of the report to the Club of Rome “Limits to Growth” were partially justified and were typical for the period before the 1980s. However, statistical evidence after more than half a century demonstrates that the situation has changed, and in the 1960s and early 1970s, there was a peak of global demographic growth, after which a slowdown began. According to the UN forecasts, by the end of this century, there will be a stabilization of the population of the Earth. The chapter provides an explanation for the change in the dynamics of the global demographic transition—most of economically high-income states and a significant part of developing countries have moved to the second phase of the demographic transition, in which the birth rate falls to a level corresponding to a simple replacement of generations or below that level. At the same time, a new problem has arisen associated with a decline in fertility to the “lowest-low” level—a tendency formed to the negative natural population change in many countries, which is sometimes compensated by migration processes. Along with that, the process of population aging is developing in many countries of the world, with an increase in life expectancy (LE) alongside low fertility. The indicated trends in the stabilization of the world population occur unevenly, with a fairly significant number of countries (mainly the countries of Tropical Africa) in which the second phase started not long ago, and fertility rates are still very high. At the same time, there is an acceleration of urbanization of the population in many developing countries. The chapter also notes the mutual influence of demographic processes and developments in various spheres of society and provides scenarios for their possible subsequent evolution, highlighting as a possible optimum scenario the one in which the stabilization of the Earth’s population will reduce the degree of negative anthropogenic impact on the environment, but a significant global depopulation will also be avoided. Given the unevenness of demographic processes, different approaches to stabilization have been noted: stimulating birth rate in countries with the lowest-low fertility and accelerating fertility transition in the countries with very high birth rates.

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

BBC News, Paris, 20 hours ago, by Hugh Schofield, Has Marine Le Pen given Emmanuel Macron the 'kiss of death'? "French President Emmanuel Macron may have won a law on immigration, but has he lost his soul? The accusation is being made at after a dramatic day in French politics which saw the presidential party given what one newspaper called the "kiss of death" by Marine Le Pen's hard right...To pass a law relying on far-right votes was an embarrassment that Macronite MPs found excruciating, and a day on they are still squirming... The left and hard left are having a field day. Manon Aubry of France Unbowed called the law the "most xenophobic in French history" and the Greens' Yannick Jadot said it marked the arrival of "Trumpism" in France... What has happened sounds the death-knell of President Macron's "at-the-same-time" political creed. He thought he had invented a new style of politics in which - thanks to his brilliance and charm - he could pick and choose from both sides of politics. It worked for a bit but now it has stopped. His original sin was failing to win a working majority in parliament last year. Now, to get something done, he has had to choose a side. And that side is the right..."

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-67772077

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/France-USA_Je_taime_moi_non_plus2

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Depopulation_versus_Overpopulation_Demographic_Growth_Transition_and_Decline_What_else_Demographic_Crisis_or_even_Demographic_Crash

On the Paradox of "National Preference" and "Equality Principle". Politico, Dec. 20, 2023, "...the National Assembly passed... immigration bill... a host of measures imposed by the conservatives... the far-right leader Marine Le Pen... arguing .. “an Ideological Victory” ... that echoes the Far-Right's longtime obsession with "National Preference". It's a debate that plays itself across the European continent as mainstream parties toy with adopting hardline rhetoric to save their skins in elections, but at the risk of fueling support for far-right parties, as in The Netherlands last month." Read on:

https://www.politico.eu/article/france-prime-minister-elisabeth-borne-immigration-law-unconstitutional-emmanuel-macron/

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_Conscience

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_totalitarianism

Merry Christmas to All Colleagues and Hope for Better Tomorrows for Humanity. Thoughts and compassion for the innocent victims of armed conflicts in Ukraine Palestine and everywhere else.

Open letter from the Palestinian Patriarch "from https://groupegaullistesceaux.fr/ (Own Translation from French)": Michel Sabbah, the former Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, addressed the global public from the birthplace of Christ in Beit Lahm, through the "Palestine 100 Initiative" platform, for this year's Christmas. In a message dedicated to war-fallen Gaza, the Patriarch said, "Christmas this year, in Beit Lahm and all over the world, is a prayer to God Almighty, to stop the war in Gaza and all of Palestine. During these days, many direct their eyes and hearts to Beit Lahm, but only an hour away, they see the war in Gaza, where humans are buried beneath the rubble of their own homes, they see children beneath the rubble, they see humanity beneath the rubble."

He regarded the war as a genocide of Palestinians, adding that Palestinians and Christians witnessing the genocide during these specific times, "must recognize that Christmas this year should not be restricted to Beit Lahm solely but must traverse to every oppressed human, particularly on the Holy Land, and it makes its way to Gaza and all of Palestine, where death reigns supreme". The patriarch called for an end to the aggressive genocide in Gaza, calling on Christians around the world to support and defend the Palestinian cause. “Gaza deserves liberation, independence and peace,” the patriarch said, adding that the root causes of war and occupation must be investigated, as Gaza and Palestine have a long history of war.

I am posting the following reply on another thread "https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_the_truth_be_measured_by_a_majority_of_opinions (Page 186)" @*** wrote "We in America ... As a free people, .. We deserve what it is that we elect. The Gazan people elected .... The Russian people, as citizens of their nation, must .. " Lessons Givers Narrative. History, old and recent, Geopolitics old and recent, are a little bit more complex. We can discuss it. Now about the matter at hand, in Peacetime, Democracy, and even autocracy for that matter, vote, don't vote, or vote badly, So what? In wartime, for both Democratic or despotic countries, WAR has its Rules. in peacetime, Innocent victims, girls and children, babies, newborns, born on time or prematurely, embryos not yet born; killed, injured, or deported, by hundreds of thousands or even millions, due to indiscriminate bombing of populated Civilian Towns in Gaza; All these people Have Never Voted For Anyone. And the same goes for all adolescent victims, girls and children, babies, newborns born on time or prematurely, embryos not yet born; All killed, injured or deported by hundreds of thousands or even millions, due to indiscriminate bombing of populated Civilian Towns in Ukraine; All these people Have Never Voted For Anyone.

Subsidiary Question: Do all these innocent Populations Wherever they are (in democratic or autocratic countries), However, they are (Free people or slaves) whatever the vote of their Parents (good or bad) deserve to be massacred in WARTIME?

IMHO Children deserve only Protection and Education

I am posting the following reply on another thread "https://www.researchgate.net/post/Koseny_Carman_model_with_turbulent_flows (Page 2)" "@*** Thank you for your reply. You wrote "I would have appreciated your compassion for the victims of Hamas. Clearly on both sides extremists make peace « impossible »". Precisely, I wrote: "Thoughts and compassion for the innocent victims of armed conflicts in Ukraine Palestine and everywhere else." I am Speaking of Palestine in its geographical sense: "Palestine[i] is a geographical region in West Asia. Situated in the Southern Levant, it is usually considered to include Israel and the State of Palestine, though some definitions also include parts of northwestern Jordan. Other historical names for the region include Canaan, the Promised Land, the Land of Israel, or the Holy Land.".."

[i] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_(region)

On the political debate about Immigration in France. Politico, Dec. 19, 2023, by Clea Caulcutt, Marine Le Pen scores big win on toughened immigration bill. France’s far-right National Rally lawmakers claim Macron’s party is taking a leaf from their playbook. "Far-right leader Marine Le Pen has claimed “an ideological victory” as Emmanuel Macron’s government reached a compromise with hardline conservatives on a beleaguered immigration bill. .. these measures... are seen on the left as breaking with France’s sacred universalist principles because they introduce a discrimination on the basis of nationality. Both the Socialists and the far-left France Unbowed party have slammed the government for caving in to the conservatives and the far right to get a deal on immigration...

Read on:

https://www.politico.eu/article/france-marine-le-pen-scores-big-win-on-toughened-immigration-bill-macron/

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/France-USA_Je_taime_moi_non_plus2

El Pais, Dec.27, 2023. ‘Unprecedented’ migratory wave puts US-Mexico relations to the test. "...Among the heartbreaking global humanitarian conflicts seen in 2023, it is important not to forget the Latin American migrants who cross through Mexico to the United States in search of a better future. Fleeing poverty and political repression, this dramatic exodus has seen an “unprecedented” spike in the past two months, according to the United States...In a call last Thursday, U.S. President Joe Biden and López Obrador agreed to meet on Wednesday to negotiate “additional enforcement actions” to regulate the migratory influx and ensure the trade flow between the countries...

Migration is a tail-eating serpent. Countries affected by U.S. economic sanctions, such as Cuba or Venezuela, argue that these restrictions are what are pushing people to migrate. In an October 22 meeting, held at the request of Mexico, various Latin American leaders attempted to address the crisis by focusing on the situation in the countries of origin. The Mexican government — which is reluctant to crack down on Latin American migrants passing through the country— is caught between two fires. On the one hand, it is under pressure from the U.S. to stem migration. On the other, it is facing a massive outflow of Mexican nationals who have joined the caravans in order to cross illegally to the north... Today, the migration crisis is once again the top concern for both sides of the border. Far from being solved — no matter how many stopgap measures are introduced — thousands of people continue to suffer as they refuse to give up on their hope of finding a better future in the north."

Read on:

https://english.elpais.com/usa/2023-12-27/unprecedented-migratory-wave-puts-us-mexico-relations-to-the-test.html

In these holiday days, I would like to mention this article which inspires the desire to celebrate life (or to simply live) despite everything: Straits Times, Dec. 25, 2023, World celebrates Christmas in shadow of wars in Gaza, Ukraine. "... People donated Santa caps on beaches, ski slopes and streets around the globe on Dec 25 to celebrate Christmas, with Israel's war on Hamas and Russia's invasion of Ukraine casting a shadow over the holiday...". Happy Holidays to all

Read the Article on:

https://www.straitstimes.com/world/world-celebrates-christmas-in-shadow-of-wars-in-gaza-ukraine

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/War_Peace

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_totalitarianism

Interesting questions to ask European Elites: Scholars, Politics and Intellectuals: "Why do individual attitudes to refugees vary? Are they primarily a function of one’s attitudes to immigration more broadly or do they have distinct contextual determinants? To what extent are attitudes to different types of refugees distinct from each other and how do they interact? To what extent are they formed by non-immigration issues, particularly those related to the cause of the refugee flow?" The paper by Alexandru D. Moise, James Dennison & Hanspeter Kriesi 2024, "European attitudes to refugees after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, West European Politics, 47:2, 356-381" tries to answer these questions and examines "the case of European attitudes to Ukrainian, as well as Afghan and Somali, refugees following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine using an original two-wave panel in France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, and Poland."

The paper is available on:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01402382.2023.2229688

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_totalitarianism

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Depopulation_versus_Overpopulation_Demographic_Growth_Transition_and_Decline_What_else_Demographic_Crisis_or_even_Demographic_Crash

In their paper [1] "Urbanization and the Paradox of Rural Population Decline: Racial and Regional Variation", the authors redress the commonplace narrative of rural decline providing both substantive and didactic lessons for studying population growth and decline. Their results suggest that "resiliency is being defined downward over time as growing and economically vibrant nonmetro counties are transferred to the metro side of the demographic ledger. As a demographic winnowing process, reclassification has “left behind” rural counties least likely to grow or to respond to local rural development efforts".

[1] Lichter, D. T., & Johnson, K. M. (2023). Urbanization and the Paradox of Rural Population Decline: Racial and Regional Variation. Socius, 9, 23780231221149896. Available on: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/23780231221149896

"A comprehensive research agenda that acknowledges and identifies how and under what conditions migration can contribute to sustainable development is needed to systematically incorporate scientific knowledge on migration and mobility in institutional and governance initiatives to promote sustainable and inclusive development." This is the ultimate conclusion of the very recent research by Adger, W. N., Fransen, S., Safra de Campos, R., & Clark, W. C. (2024) "Migration and sustainable development, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(3), e2206193121." Available on:

https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2206193121?doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.2206193121

Demography, Migration, and the Central and East European Future "The events of the twentieth century, including two world wars, the Holocaust, and the Cold War, resulted in dramatic demographic shifts across the Eurasian continent... The twenty-first century offers new challenges to the region. As you will see in this text, these challenges manifest in a variety of forms: economic crises, the decline of democratic institutions and the rise of xenophobic nationalism in some states, the resurgent military threat from neighboring Russia, pervasive and persistent corruption in the public and private sectors, and new public health challenges.. Demography is woven into many of the challenges of the twenty-first century, and existential fears stemming from decades of declining population growth and increasing population loss to westward migration, as you learned in this chapter, make themselves visible in other societal spheres..." Excerpt from the Chapter by Daina S. Eglitis and Michelle Kelso, Demography and Migration. Available on:

https://www.academia.edu/download/81670033/Central_East_Euro_Politics_5E_Demography_Migration.pdf

Sustainability is a universal concept that guarantees that actual development and resource exploitations should not harm the development and water resources exploitations of future generations. However, the implementation of this principle in developed and developing countries or in different bioclimatic regions implies different solutions. It is up to us scientists to have the responsibility to work and propose adequate solutions to decision-makers so that these are not blown through lobbying and other scientific-oriented programs, without consideration of socio-economic and cultural contexts of the measures to be implemented.

This needs long-term strategies to be assimilated by all, and most of all assumed by decision-makers in developed and/or rich countries, the effects of which on climate change were far greater than those of developing countries. Popularization, information, communication, school education, then become essential components of the global strategies to be implemented. Scientific research, higher education, expertise, and technology are closely related: these strategies have to be accompanied by capacity-building programs, training, and scientific education to meet the challenges to face the climate-change for a better common future.

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

One may find insoutenable figures in this report which continues a series of annual reports to the Nation on conditions affecting children in the United States.

The America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2021.

https://www.childstats.gov/americaschildren/index10.asp

“Indigenous people from all over the world have proven that with time they are adaptive to change and are still able to maintain the integrity of their unique cultures. As the wider community comes to respect and learn from its Indigenous people, there will be a greater understanding of the delicate balance needed in order to ensure our future”. From: Fischer, M. (2023). At the Pivot of East and West: Ethnographic, Literary, and Filmic Arts. Duke University Press.

Available on:

https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/75356/1/Fischer_9781478093756_text.pdf

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_narratives

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

The recent paper by Colombo, A. D., & Dalla‐Zuanna, G., 2024, "Data and Trends in Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, and Some Related Demographic Issues. Population and Development Review" focuses on assisted suicide (EAS) and discusses changes in public opinion in developed countries, analyzing the diffusion trends of EAS, and considering the connections between EAS and palliative care. The authors recall, within the conclusion a finding that should call out all the public opinion. They wrote "Even in countries where different forms of EAS have been legalized for years, the proportion of EAS on overall deaths continues to vary widely. These strong differences seem mainly due to the circumstances under which EAS were adopted into law and the different practices approved. Moreover, for the few countries for which data are available for a sufficient number of years, increased recourse to EAS is linear in the first years following their introduction into law, but their diffusion accelerates thereafter, likely a result of growing public acceptance."

Paper available on:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/padr.12605

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Could_Suicide_Death_Penalty_and_Euthanasia_be_Rational_and_Morally_Defensible

Should striving for normal weight still be recommended if overweight and obesity constitute a survival advantage? The paper by Dehlendorff, C., Andersen, K. K., & Olsen, T. S., "Body mass index and death by stroke: no obesity paradox. JAMA Neurology, 71(8), 978-984. 2014", provides an answer to this interrogation and, by the way, puts into question the "Obesity Paradox": i.e Obesity was not associated with a lower risk for death after a stroke.

Available on: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/1875832

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Sciences_Paradoxes

The recent paper by Roman Tesliuk (National Museum of the Holodomor-Genocide, Ukraine), "Demographic Sustainability of Ukraine and Its Changes Caused by the Russian-Ukrainian War. Journal of Population and Social Studies [JPSS], 32, 431–447, 2024" analyzes changes in the main parameters of Ukraine’s demographic sustainability and assesses the quantitative, structural, and territorial demographic changes caused by the full-scale war. Excerpt: "Ukraine has been experiencing a deepening demographic reproduction crisis, manifested in a large-scale population decline and a deterioration in age and gender balance. Using the cluster analysis method, the demographic zoning of Ukraine is carried out. Russia’s full-scale invasion has catastrophically weakened Ukraine’s demographic sustainability. As a result of the war, tens of thousands of Ukrainian citizens died, and millions migrated, which deepened significant deformations in the sex and age structure of the population."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Depopulation_versus_Overpopulation_Demographic_Growth_Transition_and_Decline_What_else_Demographic_Crisis_or_even_Demographic_Crash

https://www.researchgate.net/post/War_Peace

Associated Press, March 11, 2024, France's Macron Announces Legislation Allowing 'Aid in Dying' Under Strict Conditions French President Emmanuel Macron has announced new legislation to legalize “aid in dying” that will allow adults facing end-of-life illness to take lethal medication "... The move follows last year’s report indicating that most French citizens support legalizing end-of-life options... Macron said the law will offer “a possible path, in a determined situation, with precise criteria, where the medical decision is playing its role.”..Only people aged 18 or above who are capable of forming their own views will be allowed to get in the process, meaning those with severe psychiatric conditions and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease won’t be eligible, Macron specified..."

Read on: https://www.usnews.com/news/health-news/articles/2024-03-11/frances-macron-announces-legislation-allowing-aid-in-dying-under-strict-conditions

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_Conscience

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Could_Suicide_Death_Penalty_and_Euthanasia_be_Rational_and_Morally_Defensible

Water, a fundamental resource for both ecosystems and human populations, faces "escalating challenges in Africa due to water stress and changes in climate, demography, and socioeconomic." The just-released reference " Sogno, P., Klein, I., Uereyen, S., Bachofer, F., and Kuenzer, C.: Exploring Trends, Patterns, and Drivers of African Surface Water Dynamics, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-3573" aims to "analyze the long-term trends of surface water availability in Africa, identify the causal impacts on major water bodies". "...The continent-wide analysis provides valuable insights, particularly beneficial for stakeholders engaged in international development and ecosystem protection and restoration." In conclusion, the study proposes "strategies that foster sustainability and resilience in the face of evolving environmental and socio-economic conditions"

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Water_Footprint_Water_Colors_Blue_Water_Green_Water_Grey_Water_Virtual_Water

In asking the question "What happens to those racialized as black when both memory and knowledge ecologies are produced through the kernels of the ideology of European epistemicide?", the just-published chapter by Phiri, M. Z., "The Ideology of Epistemicide. In Monuments and Memory in Africa (pp. 12-36). Routledge, 2024”, problematizes contested ideas about decolonization of the global social sciences and humanities for Africa’s thought liberation. According to the author, "Part of being human is to be constituted in memory and knowledge ecologies". On the other hand, Decolonization is defined as "a commitment to tap into the African intellectual archives located in the longer genealogy of agitations for Black freedom". The chapter develops the idea that "Africa's engagement with the world is not only defined by its encounter with European colonial modernity. Epistemicide was predicated on anti-black racism through the justification of trans-Atlantic slavery, social Darwinism, eugenics, and colonial cartography, whereby the African was mutilated in the 'global knowledge ecology'. The chapter aims to recast the world of thought from the position of the subaltern through the dialectics of liberation while remaining cognizant of the contradictions that are present in the colonially informed global knowledge production regime. Three areas of inquiry are presented as critical paradigmatic interventions for decolonization from the hegemony of Eurocentrism: philosophy, language, and literature."

About the book. The book edited By John Sodiq Sanni, Madalitso Zililo Phiri, "Monuments and Memory in Africa, Reflections on Coloniality and Decoloniality, Roultelage, 2024" investigates how monuments have been used in Africa as tools of oppression and dominance, from the colonial period up to the present day. The book asks what the decolonisation of historical monuments and geographies might entail and how this could contribute to the creation of a post-imperial world. investigates how monuments have been used in Africa as tools of oppression and dominance, from the colonial period up to the present day. The book asks what the decolonisation of historical monuments and geographies might entail and how this could contribute to the creation of a post-imperial world.

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_narratives

https://www.researchgate.net/post/USA--Europe--Africa_Je_taime_moi_non_plus

"Climate change is expected to displace vast populations from rural to urban areas, and when life in the urban centers becomes untenable, many will continue their onward migration elsewhere". From the paper by Balsari, S., Dresser, C. & Leaning, J. "Climate Change, Migration, and Civil Strife. Curr Envir Health Rpt 7, 404–414 (2020)". In this research, the authors examine the intersection of human migration and climate change, as well as the growing evidence that changing environmental and climate conditions are triggers for displacement, whether voluntary or forced: "It is now accepted that the changing climate will be a threat multiplier, will exacerbate the need or decision to migrate, and will disproportionately affect large already vulnerable sections of humanity. Worst-case scenario models that assume business-as-usual approaches to climate change predict that nearly one-third of the global population will live in extremely hot (uninhabitable) climates, currently found in less than 1% of the earth’s surface mainly in the Sahara.". Paper available on:

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40572-020-00291-4

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Depopulation_versus_Overpopulation_Demographic_Growth_Transition_and_Decline_What_else_Demographic_Crisis_or_even_Demographic_Crash

On The immigrant paradox. "Children of immigrants often are viewed as posing challenges to the American health and education systems because of various circumstances that disadvantage them, such as lack of fluency in English. But first- and second-generation children in many immigrant groups are, in fact, doing about as well as or better than their peers in native-born families along many dimensions, a phenomenon which has been referred to as the immigrant paradox because it is contrary to the broadly held view just described". In this regard, the chapter by Hernandez et al. 2012, "Children in immigrant families: Demography, policy, and evidence for the immigrant paradox" portrays important features of the demographic circumstances of children in immigrant families..., and discusses public policies that could enhance successful development among children of immigrants.

[1] Hernandez, D. J., Denton, N. A., Macartney, S., & Blanchard, V. L. (2012). Children in immigrant families: Demography, policy, and evidence for the immigrant paradox. In C. G. Coll & A. K. Marks (Eds.), The immigrant paradox in children and adolescents: Is becoming American a developmental risk? (pp. 17–36). American Psychological Association.

See Also

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Sciences_Paradoxes/21

The research article (published 4 days ago) by Cheng, L. "Energy transition and the role of circular supply chains: toward resource efficiency and sustainable economic practices. Economic Change and Restructuring, 57(2), 69, 2024", examines "the various complex elements essential for shifting toward a circular economy (CE). Panel data from 27 European Union (EU) countries and the UK are utilized for this purpose. This research investigates the convergence of socioeconomic, environmental, institutional, and demographic elements, specifically focusing on the environmental deterioration, inequity, and asymmetry"

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Energy_Renewable_Energy_and_Levelized_Cost_Of_Energy_LCOE_Paradoxes

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

"Since that famous October 12, 1492, when the Genoese admiral Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas with the support of the Catholic monarchs, many Spaniards have been proud to celebrate Hispanic Day, a fraternal celebration of a common history. But what was once the triumphant proclamation of a discovery has become a day full of controversy on the other side of the pond. The arrival of the Spaniards in the New World was never free of discord, of sometimes violent greed for dreamed-of gold, of the search for honour, of multicultural repopulation, of the adaptation of customs in a mix of culture and faith that was not always successful or right." Extract from "Sonsoles Madrid Gil (2023) Woke culture and the history of America: From colonisation to depersonalisation, Church, Communication and Culture, 8:1, 18-42, Available on:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23753234.2023.2174890

One may read within the conclusion of the paper "The confusion generated around the concept of 12 October, both for those who celebrate Hispanicity and those who celebrate Indigeneity, has prompted the historical revision of colonialism, and in addition to it, of racism, slavery or any kind of social discrimination. The phenomenon, through the expansive force of its dogmas, has become globalised. The US has involved the world in an issue with more protagonists than those involved in the Conquest. The peaceful defence of values has turned into revolt, into hate-filled destruction of the symbols of hatred. Restorative justice is applied: smashing statues. The collective imagination is emptied of false heroes, biased biographies are sifted under standards of perfection. A woke culture is born, which, in order to break free from the oppression of a history written by the victors, begins by relativising it, by retelling it. If truth is inaccessible for the advocates of this current, reality is un-named. Deconstructing history means depersonalising; this de-rooting is more like a suicide than a transplant. Three pillars of the human being are attacked: reason, under the dictatorship of democracy, renounces its commitment to truth in order to pour its own meaning into language; the person, and with it the family, is replaced by the social tribe; all authority, whether divine or civil, is abolished by human power, which destroys memory as a cultural reference. Moral status is determined by micro-aggressions, which, publicised on social media, turn public opinion into a judge in its own right. The accused are condemned without appeal. Self-censorship imposes a culture of silence. Freedom of expression is cancelled, and constitutional rights are jeopardised."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_narratives

"This resource [water] is coming under an enormous strain because of a myriad of factors, including the increased demands of a growing global population and economy, environmental and climatic changes, and the irresponsible use. The decline of water resources is currently putting food systems under pressure." From "Behnassi, M., Al-Shaikh, A. A., Gurib-Fakim, A., Baig, M. B., & Bahir, M., The Water, Climate, and Food Nexus: Linkages, Challenges and Emerging Solutions—An Introduction. In The Water, Climate, and Food Nexus: Linkages, Challenges and Emerging Solutions (pp. 1-16). Cham: Springer International Publishing, Avril 3, 2024."

This introductory chapter "presents the framework and content of this book, which addresses timely and future-oriented topics. In the first set of chapters, the water, food, and environmental/climate security nexus is explored theoretically and by reference to empirical research covering many regions and sectors. In another set of chapters, the impacts of climate change on water resources and water-stressed regions are identified along with their implications for food systems and security. Other chapters of the volume identify the emerging solutions to the nexus challenges, mainly adaptation and mitigation options, governance and management approaches, technological and economic solutions, innovative farming and water management practices, etc. Most chapters scheduled for publication are based on empirical research particularly done in water-constrained and climate vulnerable countries from Asia, Africa, and the MENA region and provide policy-oriented inputs and recommendations to guide change processes at multiple scales."

About the volume. Highlights:

• Helps understand the the water, food, and environmental/climate security nexus
• Covers the impacts of climate change on water resources and water-stressed regions for food systems and security
• Addresses the emerging solutions to the nexus challenges, mainly adaptation and mitigation options

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Climate_Change_Water_Resources

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Food_Water_Security_in_Water-Scarce_Countries

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Water_Footprint_Water_Colors_Blue_Water_Green_Water_Grey_Water_Virtual_Water

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

The just-released publication by Wirjawan, Gita. “The Paradox of Sustainability: A Critique of the Modern World’s Approach to Sustainable Development, Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center working paper, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, March 2024", analyzes the paradox of sustainability that stems from "the high expectations placed upon developed and developing nations' environmental and economic progress... While developed countries are responsible for the vast majority of historical carbon emissions, developing countries attempting to modernize and feed themselves are under pressure to curb emissions and pursue low-carbon development trajectories..."

Available on:

https://fsi9-prod.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2024-03/Paradox%20of%20Sustainability%20final.pdf

Cover: Workers break down coal at a coal yard near a mine on November 23, 2021, in Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh, India (Ritesh Shukla/Getty Images).

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Sciences_Paradoxes

"Reasons for migration from the Western Balkans to the EU are multifaceted, including the poor situation in the domestic labour markets and disillusionment due to a toxic political environment as well as corruption" From the paper by Ströhm, B. C. "Too Young to Stay, Too Old to Leave? Brain Drain and Declining Demography in the Western Balkans. Südosteuropa Mitteilungen, 63(06), 9-18, 2023." Figures are disconcerting: "Since 1990, more than four million skilled workers have migrated. The Western Balkans is one of the regions in the world most affected by brain drain. This brain drain inevitably slows down the region’s economic adjustment to EU standards and makes it more difficult to meet the budgetary criteria for EU membership. The outflow of young, well-educated people from the Western Balkans also promotes a cycle of corruption, negatively affecting the region’s EU accession path."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/USA--Europe--Africa_Je_taime_moi_non_plus

On Human right to water and sanitation "A failure to achieve the key goals of the first UN Water Conference after almost five decades, and an increasing risk the world will cross a critical tipping point, together demand transformational change. For the second UN Water Conference, and beyond, we highlight the importance of three priorities: improved WASH; much greater and better-prioritized investments in grey, green and soft infrastructure; and a shift in values, behaviours and incentives. Without these and other changes that are specific to the biophysical and socio-economic contexts where they are applied, we will fail to deliver water for all". This is the ultimate conclusion of the paper:

Quentin Grafton, R., Biswas, A. K., Bosch, H., Fanaian, S., Gupta, J., Revi, A., ... & Tortajada, C. (2023). Goals, progress and priorities from Mar del Plata in 1977 to New York in 2023. Nature Water, 1(3), 230-240.

To be requested on:

Article Goals, progress and priorities from Mar del Plata in 1977 to...

Research Report on the Overexploitation of Water Resources In Algeria [1]. by "Kherbache, N. et Molle, (F. 2021).

Abstract (Own translation). This report illustrates the process of the water balance of the Macta basin and its environmental and hydrological implications observed in recent years. Water accounting indicators used in the Macta water balance circa 2017 demonstrate the scale of the water crisis in the basin and that the Macta is completely closed, with all resources used internally. of the pelvis. The net water consumption rate of the basin is estimated at 114–162% depending on the assumptions made, a rate greater than 100% which reflects the overexploitation of aquifers whose annual destocking is estimated between 86 and 126 Mm3. We then address the causes of this closure by emphasizing the contradictions of water planning and irrigation development plans (IDPs), which lead to an "overbuilding" of the basin at the same time. origin of an over-allocation of water and upstream/downstream use conflicts. Finally, the hydrological, social and environmental implications of the closure of the basin are explained. This case study aims to draw the attention of decision-makers to the water situation in the Algerian basins in the context of the implementation of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development and in particular the SDGs."

[1] La surexploitation des ressources en eau : le cas du bassin de la Macta en Algérie. G-EAU Working Paper No.11. Montpellier, France" Available (In French) on: https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/ 2023-06/010088010.pdf

About Water Resources in Tunisia, See:

Besbes, M., Chahed, J., & Hamdane, A (2014). Water Security in Tunisia: Managing water in conditions of scarcity. Water Security of Tunisia, Harmattan, Paris.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356645730_Securite_Hydrique_de_la_Tunisie_Gerer_l’eau_en_conditions_de_penurie

Chapters available on:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356650449_Securite_Hydrique_de_la_Tunisie_Preface_Introduction https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356662490_Les_Problemes_de_l’Eau_dans_le_Monde

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356663902_Cinquante_ans_de_politiques_de_l’eau_1960-2010

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356665641_Le_Bilan_Hydrique_National

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356666107_Le_bilan_Hydrique_Integral_Eau_Bleue_Eau_Verte_et_Eau_Virtuelle

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356666288_La_gestion_de_la_demande_en_eau_et_les_ressources_non_conventionnelles

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356674959_Securite_Hydrique_de_la_Tunisie_les_questions_en_debat

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356678805_Securite_Hydrique_de_la_Tunisie_Conclusion_Postface

English Edition of the Book

Besbes, M., Chahed, J., & Hamdane, A. (2019). National water security: case study of an arid country: Tunisia. Cham, CH: Springer.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356907618_National_Water_Security_Case_Study_of_an_Arid_Country_Tunisia

Interesting Press Release, March 31, 2023, True sobriety would be to direct diets towards products that consume less water. In an interview with "Le Monde", Sylvain Doublet, head of foresight at Solagro, believes that the "water" plan does not trigger a real adaptation of the agricultural sector to climate change." Comments collected by Perrine Mouterde. Excerpt (Own Translation): "Real sobriety would be to modify diets to orient them towards products that consume less water, that is to say vegetable proteins rather than animal proteins. Such a development would also make it possible to meet climate objectives and the fight against the erosion of biodiversity. There is a lot of room for maneuver, since we consume too much protein compared to our physiological needs. This is by far the main savings lever but it was not discussed in the announcements."

Read more (in French) on:

https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2023/03/31/la-vraie-sobriete-serait-d-orient-les-regimes-alimentaires-vers-des-produits-moins-consommateurs-d- water_6167713_3244.html

The essential ideas presented in this press release were previously developed and extensively analyzed within a Conceptual Model of Water Security for Water Scarce Countries. See!

Besbes, M., Chahed, J., & Hamdane, A (2014). Sécurité Hydrique de la Tunisie: Gérer l'eau en condition de pénerie, Harmattan, Paris.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356645730_Securite_Hydrique_de_la_Tunisie_Gerer_l’eau_en_conditions_de_penurie

Chapters available on:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356650449_Securite_Hydrique_de_la_Tunisie_Preface_Introduction https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356662490_Les_Problemes_de_l’Eau_dans_le_Monde

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356663902_Cinquante_ans_de_politiques_de_l’eau_1960-2010

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356665641_Le_Bilan_Hydrique_National

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356666107_Le_bilan_Hydrique_Integral_Eau_Bleue_Eau_Verte_et_Eau_Virtuelle

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356666288_La_gestion_de_la_demande_en_eau_et_les_ressources_non_conventionnelles

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356674959_Securite_Hydrique_de_la_Tunisie_les_questions_en_debat

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356678805_Securite_Hydrique_de_la_Tunisie_Conclusion_Postface

English Edition of the Book:

Besbes, M., Chahed, J., & Hamdane, A. (2019). National water security: case study of an arid country: Tunisia. Cham, CH: Springer.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356907618_National_Water_Security_Case_Study_of_an_Arid_Country_Tunisia

".. social work programs often do not teach experimental methods. Critics continue to assert that true experiments are impractical, unethical, or simply too blunt a tool to evaluate the effects of social work practices and policies." The book by Bruce A. Thyer "Experimental Research Designs in Social Work, Theory and Applications, Columbia University Press 2023", "presents a comprehensive overview of the theory and practice of experimental research in the field of social work. Bruce A. Thyer describes the logic and design of experimental methods, helping readers understand the basics and then exploring increasingly complex and sophisticated research. He illustrates key principles through examples of how social workers have evaluated real-world practice approaches. The book considers recruitment and representation of marginalized groups, the ethical issues involved in the design and conduct of experiments, and how social work researchers can ensure that all participants in an experimental study benefit from effective care..."

About The Author.

Bruce A. Thyer is a distinguished research professor and former dean at the College of Social Work at Florida State University as well as an extraordinary professor with the Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, South Africa. He is the editor of the journal Research on Social Work Practice and coeditor of the Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal.

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Scientific_Integrity_on_ResearchGate/42

"Enormous growth of the world population during the last two centuries and its present slowing down pose questions about precedents in history and broader forces shaping the population size." The just published study by Taagepera, Rein, and Miroslav Nemčok, "World population growth over millennia: ancient and present phases with a temporary halt in-between", The Anthropocene Review 11.1 (2024): 163-183.", opens up "new vistas on the long-term growth pattern of human population. Our human ancestors one million years ago numbered about 60,000. How did we come to be almost 8 billion?" It is challenging to build mathematical models of all population change patterns. The mentioned paper overcomes "these challenges by making use of the “tamed quasi-hyperbolic function” that has been shown to fit the steeper-than-exponential growth of the world population remarkably well. The progress in modeling is achieved thanks to a novel way of graphing world populations against time, both on logarithmic scales."

To be requested on:

Article World population growth over millennia: Ancient and present ...

On Water War Narrative. "The effects of climate change had its toll on rainfall patterns and water supply. Coupled with the ballooning population, the water scarcity was propelled to alarming levels. In order to meet the rising need of the population within their boundaries, the thirsty states have already resorted to minor violent acts for the time." From the paper by Mehsud, et al. "When States Go Thirsty: A Critical Analysis of Water War Thesis, Global Strategic & Security Studies Review (GSSSR), 2017". Available at: https://www.academia.edu/download/66317130/2._When_States_go_thirsty.pdf

There one may read within the conclusion: "However, as planet earth falls to the grip of further water scarcity, water-related would snowball into larger conflict and will ultimately result in water wars. Such a narrative of the water war thesis is questioned by the contending group, which states that water scarcity doesn’t necessarily breed violence. Instead, while relying on actual data from history and contemporary water governance and water-sharing practices, water scarcity is argued to result in water cooperation instead of conflict. In a word, the question of whether the future war would be fought over waters or not is a simple one. It is not as it has been predicted by either group. Both history and present are replete with examples of ooperation and conflict over waters. Whether thirsty states will go to war or will wage peace instead will depend on the willpower of the steering machinery of the thirsty states. Kofi Annan, nine months later after his first statement mentioned above had to announce that, “but the water problems of our world need not be only a cause of tension: They can also be a catalyst for cooperation…if we work together, a secure and sustainable water future can be ours”

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Climate_Change_Water_Resources

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_narratives

https://www.researchgate.net/post/War_Peace

"With respect to capital punishment, the fundamental right of right to life and equality that is article 21 and 14 of the Indian constitution are in tension.... Comparing with international standard, it can be said that India is on different standpoint of retaining the capital punishment, taking into consideration the huge population of India". Excerpts from the disconcerting conclusion of the just-published paper by Varsha, Ganji. "Balancing Justice And Humanity: Capital Punishment’s Impact On Right To Life." Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research 6.2 (2024): 852-865". Available on: https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/hc:65282/CONTENT/balancing-justice-and-humanity-capital-punishments-impact-on-right-to-life.pdf/

The author goes on writing within the conclusion: "Even though there are criteria laid down by various legal cases, it is understood that it cannot be generalised in all cases as each case’s facts and circumstances vary. It is said to be believed that such measures are taken to lessen the number of sever crimes that happen in the country as these are the crimes that inflict fear in the people of the country, and makes them feel like they are not living in a safe country. But international standpoint at this particular time period is different as it believes death penalty should be abolished as it is against the basic right of any human being..."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Could_Suicide_Death_Penalty_and_Euthanasia_be_Rational_and_Morally_Defensible

"A novel method is presented that integrates micro-hydropower plants, with pumps as turbines (PATs), in the water network in the city of Funchal. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the microgrid’s response to variations in the cost of energy components, showing favorable outcomes with positive net present value (NPV)." From the Just-Published paper by Ramos, Helena M., et al. "Energy Transition in Urban Water Infrastructures towards Sustainable Cities, Water 16.3 (2024): 504." Available on: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/16/3/504?utm_campaign=releaseissue_waterutm_medium=emailutm_source=releaseissueutm_term=titlelink145

There one may read within the conclusion: "The world’s water supply systems face high energy consumption and water loss due to poor management and inadequate water utility practices. Frequent breaks and leaks in these networks are associated with inadequate water pressure regulation, which reduces system efficiency and increases demand for water and energy. This mismanagement strains water and energy resources, which are critical in today’s society and environmental context, especially with the increasing threat of climate change and population growth exacerbating water scarcity. Addressing water losses and energy inefficiencies is essential for sustainable development without compromising the quality of life of future generations. The economic analysis shows favorable results for integrating PATs with a positive net present value (NPV)... In all simulation cases, PATs have the lowest electricity (LCOE) cost compared to other energy systems, confirming their economic feasibility and efficiency..."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Energy_Renewable_Energy_and_Levelized_Cost_Of_Energy_LCOE_Paradoxes

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Food_Water_Security_in_Water-Scarce_Countries

"Although considerable gains in survival have been observed in developed countries particularly in the last stretch of life, part of these additional years of life are lived in bad health. In this context, a number of actions/inactions that limit or may limit life span are becoming increasingly common". From the recent paper by Colombo, A. D., & Dalla‐Zuanna, G. "Data and Trends in Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia, and Some Related Demographic Issues, Population and Development Review, Wiley Online Library, 2024." Available on: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/padr.12605

There one may read within the conclusion: "Even in countries where different forms of EAS have been legalized for years, the proportion of EAS on overall deaths continues to vary widely. These strong differences seem mainly due to the circumstances under which EAS were adopted into law and the different practices approved. Moreover, for the few countries for which data are available for a sufficient number of years, increased recourse to EAS is linear in the first years following their introduction into law, but their diffusion accelerates thereafter, likely a result of growing public acceptance. Though the proportion of people in favor of EAS in many developed countries has since ceased to increase, a large majority of public opinion in the twenty first century is favorable toward these practices, especially for the purposes of ending unsustainable suffering. That said, particularly in countries debating whether and how to legalize EAS, the strong differences in public opinion should not be undervalued. Those least in favor of EAS are the poorest and least educated."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Could_Suicide_Death_Penalty_and_Euthanasia_be_Rational_and_Morally_Defensible

"Migration can potentially contribute to sustainability transitions when it enhances well-being while not exacerbating structural inequalities or compound uneven burdens on environmental resources." An interesting finding from the paper by Adger, W. N et al. "Migration and sustainable development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(3), 2024." Available on: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2206193121?doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.2206193121

There, one may read within the conclusion: "Sustainability science can fruitfully incorporate the migration dynamics into models of nature–society interactions and their implications for sustainable development. The challenge is substantial, given that the dominant narrative in the SDGs, for example, is that migrants are a “distinct social group at risk of being excluded from development”, rather than a potential transformative force in sustainable development pathways. Moreover, the sedentary discourse that underlies many of the SDG targets and indicators does not do justice to the reality of migration pathways and its role in transformations toward sustainability. Making migration visible can come about through explicit analysis of how migration drives demographic change within global scenarios, based on major regional flows. But more fundamentally, too many framings of sustainability tend to conceive of migration as an anomaly from the norm, and a threat to stability and security. In reality, involuntary movement of people under global change is both expected and inevitable given projections of future risks, while voluntary movement is desirable if the benefits of innovation, adaptation and collective well-being can be realized. A comprehensive research agenda that acknowledges and identifies how and under what conditions migration can contribute to sustainable development is needed to systematically incorporate scientific knowledge on migration and mobility in institutional and governance initiatives to promote sustainable and inclusive development."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Climate_Change_and_Climate_Models_Progress_and_Limits

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

AP-News, May 16, 2024, by Jan M. Olsen, Majority of EU nations want more partnerships to stem migration from countries of origin “A majority of European Union members are calling for more agreements with countries where migrants depart from or travel through to get to Europe, saying the bloc needs to think outside the box to tackle irregular migration into the 27-member bloc. The call by the 15 member countries came in a letter released Thursday, a day after the EU passed a measure to update to its aging asylum laws but which won’t enter force for two years and which only will work if all member nations put all of its provisions into action. The letter, addressed to the high-ranking officials in the EU’s executive Commission, indicated that officials in signatory countries believe further solutions are needed, saying that the migration situation “will require all of us to think outside the box and jointly find new ways to address this issue at EU level...”

Read On:

https://apnews.com/article/european-union-migration-more-agreements-f5fb9091cab6f9a77e13d06e19e3c158

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/USA--Europe--Africa_Je_taime_moi_non_plus

In the Same Vein. ".. externalised migration controls continue to proliferate, leading to host of human rights harms for migrants. Migrants (and citizens) are being contained in states of origin and transit and denied their fundamental right to leave. However, externalisation is typically understood as preventing migrants entering state territory and accessing asylum,.." From the recent paper by Emilie McDonnell "Challenging externalisation through the lens of the human right to leave, Netherlands International Law Review (2024): 1-36." Available on: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40802-024-00252-w.

There, one may read within the conclusion: "Synthesising the jurisprudence on key externalisation measures and the cases concerning the right to leave revealed that the right to leave remains largely overlooked to date... Several recent cases have been brought across different fora arguing that the measure in question violates the right to leave. These cases point to a new direction in litigation efforts that recognizes externalisation as equally harmful to the right to leave any country, not only other rights, such as protection from refoulement. At a time when states around the world are implementing measures and policies that obstruct departure and contain migrants and citizens in states of origin and transit, it is time for scholars, practitioners and stakeholders to heed the potential of the right to leave in tackling externalisation. Litigating the right to leave across different fora would not only provide new avenues to achieving accountability for the harms migrants are experiencing throughout their journey but may even compel states and other actors to afford greater attention to their obligations under the right to leave when engaging in externalisation."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/USA--Europe--Africa_Je_taime_moi_non_plus

The graph above shows the historical evolution of life expectancy in Italy. This recorded an increase so that life expectancy has doubled in less than a century. With the same population living two times longer is equivalent to double the living population. NB. One may identify the effects of World War I and II, more pronounced for men than women. Source: Gustavo De Santis, 2011. Can immigration solve the aging problem in Italy? Not really, Genus 67(3):37-64. Available on: Article Can immigration solve the aging problem in Italy? Not really

"The demographic paradox, which we identify here, is that many rural counties have flourished over recent decades, an empirical fact hidden from public and academic view by the binary way the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) classifies people and places as either metropolytan (metro) or nonmetropolitan (nonmetro)." From the Paper

by Lichter, Daniel T., and Kenneth M. Johnson. "Urbanization and the paradox of rural population decline: Racial and regional variation, Socius 9 (2023)". Available on: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/23780231221149896

There one may read within the conclusion: "Our results suggest that resiliency is being defined downward over time as growing and economically vibrant nonmetro counties are transferred to the metro side of the demographic ledger. As a demographic winnowing process, reclassification has “left behind” rural counties least likely to grow or to respond to local rural development efforts"

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Sciences_Paradoxes

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Depopulation_versus_Overpopulation_Demographic_Growth_Transition_and_Decline_What_else_Demographic_Crisis_or_even_Demographic_Crash

"The demographic growth contributes to shortages of fresh water and food. Many countries experience water scarcity while agricultural production increases through overexploitation of water resources, deforestation and other environmental damage." From "Jargin, Sergei, The Overpopulation: Environmental and Hereditary Aspects (May 19, 2024)." Available at:" http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4833747"

In Conclusion the author wrote: "Birth control has been obfuscated by presumed national interests; the demographic growth being supposed to strengthen the sovereignty and defenses. Smoldering international conflicts contribute to the population growth in certain regions. In the past, the overpopulation was counteracted by wars, pestilence and famine. Today, scientifically based humane methods can be used to regulate the population size taking into account ecological and economical realities in different regions. Large projects could be accomplished to improve the quality of life: irrigation systems, nuclear and other energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels. Hydroelectric power plants can be built on large rivers to produce hydrogen as nonpolluting energy carrier. New substances used in the industry, nutrition and medicine must be tested in large animal populations to achieve statistical significance and to register rare outcomes. Such projects would create many jobs, being a reasonable alternative to excessive military spendings. Not only durable peace but also mutual trust is required for that. Unfortunately, trust may be abused. Some confidence building measures have been applied and planned recently. An authority based in developed countries could counteract the growing overpopulation and environmental damage."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

"The global power shift from the Atlantic to Asia, particularly with the ascent of China as a geo-strategic rival to the USA with global influence in security, development, and civilization initiatives, as well as the growing Sino-Russian partnership, has created new geopolitical dynamics." From the Just-Published Paper by Dahal, Dev Raj. "The Shifting Geopolitics, Journal of Political Science (2024): 185-201". Available on: http://ejournals.pncampus.edu.np/ejournals/jps/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/12-Dev-raj-185-201.pdf

There one may read within the Conclusion: "Unlike the decoupled relationship between the US and Russia, the ties between the US and China and China and India are not entirely severed. The US is struggling to mend its relationship with China to address global responsibilities such as ending disorder, tackling climate change, resolving conflicts and arms races, revitalizing the global economy, and reforming multilateral institutions. This is despite American concerns about issues such as the South China Sea, Taiwan, trade, and technology. China, on the other hand, is wary of the US-led Indo-Pacific Strategy and the QUAD (comprising India, Japan, Australia, and the US), as well as new defense pacts with Anglo-Saxon nations aimed at containing and deterring its growing friendship with Russia. While the US prefers China to accept a liberal international order, China is pursuing its initiatives for security, development, and civilization to foster win-win cooperation at various scales and create a community of shared future for mankind. India, aspiring to be a global power, seeks to play a role in the Global South and the geopolitics of the Himalayan region. It aims to maintain neutrality in the Ukraine and Hamas-Israel conflicts due to its strong ties with Russia and West Asian nations. The profitable trade relations that both India and China have with Russia discourage them from alienating Russia from each other. To avoid falling into a rival geopolitical trap, many nations like Nepal have adopted strategies of hedging, balancing, bandwagoning, diversification, and adaptability. They engage with multiple powers to protect their identity and status without aligning with any single power. In this context, in a polycentric world order, small states can play constructive roles because they have a greater stake in international security, development, and peace..."

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_and_history_serving_political_and_ideological_narratives

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Art_Science_Politics_Philosophy

I am posting this reply on another thread: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Does_nuclear_power_have_a_future_or_will_new_technologies_of_renewable_energy_be_developed_in_the_energy_sector (Page 1090) @*** wrote "..population replenishment rate of 2.1 live births per female and an actual one of approximately 1.5 live births, yet our population is increasing primarily by immigration of needed people with a large number of dependents. The latter are straining our welfare system... ". OECD countries are doing everything in their power (and what is not in their power) to control unwanted immigration while always positioning themselves as victims subject to a sort of human invasion. This is a narrative that does not reflect reality, because at the same time, in all fields of activities, systematic brain drain is organized, for which everything is done to siphon off skills of all kinds, workforces, and intellectual resources to the detriment of developing countries which, at the cost of monumental sacrifices, educate and form young people. The latter, duly trained, will, without any compensation, leave their countries to contribute to the strengthening of the economies of the host countries, where they pay taxes and contributions to keep social systems, already under severe strain, not by immigration but by the aging of the population and by the reversal of the Demographic Pyramid, somewhat afloat. If OECD countries want to go it alone, the solution is simple: Close the borders tightly and start making babies. As you said "a journey of a thousand miles befins with but one step!". As an example, among hundreds of research articles on the question of brain drain in different fields of activity, one can mention the paper by Botezat, A., & Ramos, R. (2020). "Physicians’ brain drain-a gravity model of migration flows, Globalization and health, 16, 1-13.". This study contributes "to a deeper understanding of the channels through which OECD countries attract medical doctors from abroad. More specifically, this study uses the new module on health worker migration provided by OECD for 2000–2016 in order to examine the determinants of migration flows for foreign-trained physicians. Applying a gravity model approach, and using the Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood estimator, we find that, apart from dyadic factors, a lower unemployment rate, good remuneration of physicians, an aging population, and a good medical infrastructure. in the host country are among the main drivers of physicians' brain drain. Furthermore, performing an analysis on the mobility of medical doctors from various continents (Africa, Asia and Europe), we find that utility from migration to specific countries may be explained by the heterogeneity of origin countries. Specifically, we show that physicians from African countries are particularly attracted to destinations offering higher salaries, and where the density of medical doctors is relatively low. This result hinges on shortages of medical doctors, which explains the relative attractiveness of that destination to African health professionals. In their case, colonial links also play an important role in the choice of destination..." Paper Available on:

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12992-019-0536-0.pdf

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Depopulation_versus_Overpopulation_Demographic_Growth_Transition_and_Decline_What_else_Demographic_Crisis_or_even_Demographic_Crash

The chapter by De Smedt, Peter, and Helena FMW Van Rijswick, "The right to water and the right to a healthy environment: does the Water Framework Directive map out the way ahead? In The Right to a Healthy Environment in and Beyond the Anthropocene. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024. 136-164.", is about the right to water as a starting point to a General Right to Healthy Environment. There, the authors explore "the content of this right, linking up with the definition given for it in General Comment 15 (on the ICESCR) of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and examining how this right is framed within international policy texts, such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and how this right is set against its ecological context. In this context, it examines whether and how this right is given shape in European legislation, particularly in the Water Framework Directive and the recently revised Drinking Water Directive. The authors examine whether the Water Framework Directive makes a relevant contribution to the realization of the right to a healthy environment, in the context of an equitable distribution of entitlements, and explore where there may be further gains in this regard even though the EU Commission has declared the Directive fit for purpose."

About the Book, "The Right to a Healthy Environment in and Beyond the Anthropocene": In light of the UN General Assembly’s recognition of the human right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment, this erudite book presents in-depth analyses of the concrete operationalization of this right at the regional, national, and international level. The book delves into the question of how to operationalize a global recognition of the right to a healthy environment in and beyond the Anthropocene, an era characterized by significant heatwaves, droughts, pollution and biodiversity loss. Focusing on the interplay between EU environmental law, the European Convention on Human Rights, and the right to a healthy environment, it presents practical case studies to take stock of contemporary lessons and experiences regarding the application of this right in a European context. Chapters explore both the theoretical foundations and novel paradigms of environmental law, including rights of nature, animal welfare, climate change litigation, and civil disobedience, offering a unique insight into the future directions of the right to a healthy environment in the 21st century. Consultable on:

https://books.google.tn/books?id=0zf7EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr#v=onepage&q&f=false

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Water_Footprint_Water_Colors_Blue_Water_Green_Water_Grey_Water_Virtual_Water

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Food_Water_Security_in_Water-Scarce_Countries

Detested and Fought Immigration & Desired and Chosen Immigration: Brain Drain? "The migration of healthcare professionals has often produced morally charged discussions among ethicists, politicians, and policymakers in the migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries." The paper by Atte, Faith. "The moral challenges of health care providers brain drain phenomenon, Clinical Ethics 16.2 (2021): 67-73" provides an overview of the healthcare brain drain phenomenon trying to answer three key questions. (1) what is the impact of the brain drain on local healthcare systems? (2) what are the ethical concerns that should be considered in the context of the active recruitment of healthcare professionals? (3) what moral obligations do high-income countries have, especially

towards low-income countries?

Brain Brain of healthcare professionals from low-income countries to high-income countries have led to the unequal distribution of health workers. "Though seemingly ethical solutions have been proposed for addressing part of the problem, some ethical tension seems to exist between an individual healthcare professional’s right to movement and the societal needs for him or her to stay in their country of origin. It is important to note that migration is a personal choice – which is rooted in the human right of freedom of movement – while what is morally wrong is the active recruitment of healthcare professionals from low-income countries by high-income countries. However, all countries – both sending and receiving nations – have fundamental responsibilities to ensure that adequate numbers of healthcare professionals remain in their countries of origin to meet the specific domestic needs of that country. The World Health Organization’s Code of Practice urges all member states to strive to meet their “health needs with their own human resources as far as possible by taking measures to educate, retain and sustain the workforce within the health care sector”. If such measures are taken, then perhaps the brain drain phenomenon and the migration of healthcare professionals will end."

Paper Available on:

https://www.academia.edu/download/100110297/147775092094661420230321-1-s57b7a.pdf

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Science_Conscience

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Depopulation_versus_Overpopulation_Demographic_Growth_Transition_and_Decline_What_else_Demographic_Crisis_or_even_Demographic_Crash

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Art_Science_Politics_Philosophy

"Population Matters created a video arguing that smaller family size is key to achieving Sustainable Development Goals. It included the line, “in rich countries where our impact is so excessively high, we can make a critical difference by having smaller families alongside reducing our runaway consumption.” This idea is discussed in "Oas, Rebecca, Abortion and the Current Politics of Climate Change, Definitions, A Monthly Look at UN Terms and Ideas, January 28, 2022, Issue 27”. Referring to the different schools of thought on the issue, the author highlights in conclusion, the links between the politics of climate and the abortion debate. It is argued that "with regard to abortion as a right, there is no controversy within these movements: they fully endorse it as a stand-alone right disrespect of its utility in reducing fertility and population growth as a way of mitigating climate effects... The intensifying rhetoric around climate-related issues poses a threat to pro-life interests inasmuch as abortion advocates are able to successfully tap into climate funding streams and use this and similar crises to make the case for their work.. Meanwhile, it would be risky to ignore the ways in which the population crisis discourse is emboldening those who would promote policies to encourage fertility reduction and small family sizes, including in its subtler forms, associated with population control, it would be dangerous to allow the. ideas that empowered its excesses to creep back into the political mainstream"

Paper Available on:

https://c-fam.org/wp-content/uploads/Abortion-and-the-Current-Politics-of-Climate-Change-.pdf.

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

"The emphasis our argument places on markets and rights improves on the prevailing economic and sociological theories of immigration in three significant ways." From the conclusion of the paper "Hollifield, James F., Valerie F. Hunt, and Daniel J. Tichenor. "The liberal paradox: Immigrants, markets and rights in the United States." SMUL Rev. 61 (2008): 67.". The idea developed and explained as follows: "First, it incorporates economic and political/policy/legal effects in a manner that distinguishes their relative influence and provides a stronger overall account of immigration flows. Economic forces alone clearly are insufficient for this task. Second, bringing the policy and rights into immigration analysis offers greater promise for understanding the restrictionist turn in American politics in recent years and its potential to curtail immigration despite economic prosperity. Electoral and national security interests of government officials figure prominently in today's restrictive politics, while low levels of unemployment and increases in real GDP offer few clues. Finally, an immigration model that integrates both markets and rights is far more promising than push-pull or transnational models alone in accounting for the volume and composition of legal and illegal immigration flows. These findings are consistent with other studies of the political economy of immigration in Europe. While they do not contradict the emerging literature in political economy that focuses on interest-based explanations for changes in immigration policy, they do offer us an alternative, rights-based, legal, and institutional explanation for the rapid rise in immigration among industrial democracies in the late twentieth century. The liberal state has played and will continue to play a vital role in regulating levels of immigration, and democratic states are likely to remain trapped in a liberal paradox for decades to come.

Paper available on:

https://scholar.smu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1497&context=smulr

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Sciences_Paradoxes

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Art_Science_Politics_Philosophy

"In the last century, factors such as increased mobility, globalization, technological advances, and political events have rapidly changed the world. Migration has also become an important part of this change, leading to a significant segment of the world's population moving between countries." From the Just-Released Paper: TELSAÇ, C. (2024). DEEP ECONOMIC FACTORS CAUSING MIGRATION. International Journal of Global Politics and Public Administration, 1(1). Available on: https://glopajournal.com/index.php/pub/article/download/4/5

"A good immigration policy starts with solving problems at the source before migration has occurred yet. So, what are the conditions that create the possibility of economic migration? What kinds of problems exist in the source? To solve migration at its source, it is necessary to analyze the problems in its source very well." Analysing in great detail the economic reasons that cause international migration". The author concludes arguing that "Any policy created in the first instance should aim to create better conditions and opportunities for countries' citizens, not to stop migration flows. The main purpose of this policy is not to prevent migration flows, but to focus on ensuring that immigrants find better living conditions in their own countries. Accordingly, negotiations, incentives and support can be offered for improvements in key areas such as investment, job creation, education and health services, social justice, security and human rights within the country of origin. In addition, programs can be implemented where immigrants can earn a living by staying in their own countries. In this way, while keeping immigrants in their own countries, immigrants can also have better living conditions in their own countries."

Meat Consumption, Health, and the Environment. "It is difficult to envisage how the world could supply a population of 10 billion or more people with the quantity of meat currently consumed in most high-income countries without substantial negative effects on environmental sustainability." From the conclusion of the research by Godfray, H. Charles J., et al. "Meat consumption, health, and the environment." Science 361.6399 (2018): eaam5324. (1.8 k citations)" Available on: https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.aam5324

One may continue reading within the conclusion: " Current evidence suggests that increased consumption of meat, especially red and processed meats, will adversely affect public health. There are data suggesting that in some high-income countries, per capita meat consumption is plateauing or beginning to decline and that “peak meat” may have passed. But consumption is increasing in many other countries, including those with large populations, such as China.There is need for more evidence about the effectiveness of different interventions seeking to affect people’s conscious and unconscious food purchasing and consumption practices. This will require a better understanding of how individual actions are influenced by societal norms and the structure of the food system within which individuals are embedded. The multitude of factors that influence the price and availability of meat, and how it is processed and marketed, determine a socioeconomic landscape that profoundly affects, and is affected by, norms and behaviors. The existence of major vested interests and centers of power makes the political economy of diet change highly challenging. History suggests that change in dietary behaviors in response to interventions is slow. But social norms can and do change, and this process can be aided by the coordinated efforts of civil society, health organizations, and government. However, it is likely to require a good understanding of the impact of meat consumption on health and the environment and a license from society for a suite of interventions to stimulate change."

Figure from the paper

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Adaptation_and_Resilience_to_Climate_Change_Temporal_Paradox_versus_Chronology_Protection_Conjecture

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Food_Water_Security_in_Water-Scarce_Countries

I am posting this reply on another thread: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_rational_thought_exist_without_language (Page 1699). @*** wrote "No that won't happen at all. Over the next '2,3,4 generations' climate change will force hundreds of millions of people to migrate into the Northern hemisphere, changing the population demographic entirely." Environmental apocalypses, of all kinds, have been announced for 2, 3, 4 generations! The fact remains that migratory fluxes will increase, not because of Climate Change but due to Demographic Change, in decline in the Northern countries; the economies of which are in dramatic need of brains and hands, and the population of which needs people to operate hospitals and replenish social security and pension funds.

See for instance The paper by Atte, Faith. "The moral challenges of health care providers brain drain phenomenon, Clinical Ethics 16.2 (2021): 67-73" provides an overview of the healthcare brain drain phenomenon trying to answer three key questions. (1) what is the impact of the brain drain on local healthcare systems? (2) what are the ethical concerns that should be considered in the context of the active recruitment of healthcare professionals? (3) what moral obligations do high-income countries have, especially towards low-income countries?

Brain Brain of healthcare professionals from low-income countries to high-income countries have led to the unequal distribution of health workers. "Though seemingly ethical solutions have been proposed for addressing part of the problem, some ethical tension seems to exist between an individual healthcare professional’s right to movement and the societal needs for him or her to stay in their country of origin. It is important to note that migration is a personal choice – which is rooted in the human right of freedom of movement – while what is morally wrong is the active recruitment of healthcare professionals from low-income countries by high-income countries. However, all countries – both sending and receiving nations – have fundamental responsibilities to ensure that adequate numbers of healthcare professionals remain in their countries of origin to meet the specific domestic needs of that country. The World Health Organization’s Code of Practice urges all member states to strive to meet their “health needs with their own human resources as far as possible by taking measures to educate, retain and sustain the workforce within the health care sector”. If such measures are taken, then perhaps the brain drain phenomenon and the migration of healthcare professionals will end."

Paper Available on:

https://www.academia.edu/download/100110297/147775092094661420230321-1-s57b7a.pdf

For the next generation, we will witness an upheaval in the world order where demographics will constitute a determining factor. By expanding to the East, NATO threw Russia into the arms of China to the great damnation of Europe which made the historic error of not having integrated Russia and not being able to assimilate Africa. By castigating China at its summit in Washington, NATO forgot the adage "the enemy of my enemy is my friend", this time throwing China into the arms of Russia, to the great damnation of Europe, which has neither the means nor the desire and even less interest in confronting the perils of the axis which is forming around the militarily powerful Russia with immense natural resources and China, a first-rate economic power and considerable Human resources. When we consider the demographic and development potentials of the Great South, which willingly welcomes the financial potential of the BRICS+, known to be pragmatic, we see the emergence of a new order, which, barring a major crisis, is in an unshakeable and irreversible work. Now will it be better than the old order? Well, who will live will see!

See Also:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Art_Science_Politics_Philosophy

"..the migration state concept points to the centrality of migration control as a core function of modern nation-states. In short, regulating human mobility through passports, visas and border controls ‘contribute[s] to constituting the very ‘state-ness’ of states’" From the introduction of the paper by Katharina Natter (2024) "The il/liberal paradox: conceptualising immigration policy trade-offs across the democracy/autocracy divide, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 50:3, 680-701". To be requested on: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1369183X.2023.2269784

There one mat read: "...governments face a liberal paradox when elaborating their immigration policies: While the dominant ideology of economic and rights-based liberalism would drive democracies to open up their labour markets to foreigners and to enshrine migrant rights, national identity and security concerns, as well as the political logic of electoral cycles would push them to restrict immigration.... This liberal paradox in turn can explain why, despite the growing politicisation of immigration and popular calls for restrictions across Western liberal democracies, governments have continued to enact open immigration reforms over the 20th and 21st centuries... while all migration states are subject to the international forces of economic and rights-based liberalism that drive immigration openness, autocratic politics is freer (though not entirely free) from potential popular anti-immigration sentiments, as well as from inter-institutional dynamics that tend to push for immigration closure in democratic contexts. Paradoxically, this means that autocratic politics creates more room for open immigration reforms compared to democratic politics if this suits the economic, foreign policy or domestic political priorities of the country’s leadership. Importantly, this does not imply that autocratic politics leads to overall more open immigration policy outputs, but only that it creates more leeway to enact them compared to democratic politics. I capture this feature of autocratic immigration politics – the clash between the repression of citizens’ political and human rights inherent to autocratic politics and the potential for expanding migrants’ entry, stay and integration rights – through the notion of the illiberal paradox, which I introduce as a counterpart to the liberal paradox in democratic politics..."

“... a billion human beings are severely undernourished in a chronic manner, and this figure has increased by 150 million individuals in two years. This undernutrition and other nutritional deficiencies cause irreversible growth delays in young children who suffer from it, condemning them for life – and even that of their descendants – to severe physical and intellectual deficiencies. This situation, tolerated for too long (we were satisfied with a slight reduction in the absolute number of undernourished people, before the rise in 2008), is in fact intolerable." Own Translation from "Rapport “Science et Technologie” n°32 de l’Académie des Sciences,“Démographie, Climat et Alimentation Mondiale”, EDP Sciences, Paris, Mars 2011. Available on: https://www.edp-open.org/images/stories/books/fulldl/rapport12.pdf

These concepts relate to population dynamics and their impacts on societies:

- Depopulation: A decline in population, often due to low fertility rates, aging populations, or emigration.

- Overpopulation: A rapid population growth, leading to resource strain, environmental concerns, and social issues.

- Demographic Growth: An increase in population size, driven by factors like high birth rates, improved healthcare, and immigration.

- Demographic Transition: A shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, often accompanying urbanization and economic development.

- Demographic Decline: A sustained decrease in population, potentially leading to labor shortages, aging populations, and economic challenges.

- Migration: The movement of people between regions or countries, often

There will be more Congolese than Americans on the planet in 2100 "The world population is increasing, but for how long? In which African countries will the population explode? And conversely decrease? Decryption in infographics." Own translation from Jeune Afrique 16 juillet 2024, Il y aura plus de Congolais que d’Américains sur la planète en 2100, https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1588550/societe/il-y-aura-plus-de-congolais-que-damericains-sur-la-planete-en-2100/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=JAD_abonnement_premium_092023&twclid=2-1gfgrpn8m2384cpyx5ro5nqz4

Illustration From the Article