it refers to Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, A high energy pulsed laser is focused on a target where the photon in absorbed by the materials. Excess energy of absorbed by materials causing materials to partially ionized where plasma is created. The de-excitation of electron that causing release of EM radiation at specific wavelength whereas spectrometer used to capture the radiation. Specific wavelength of radiation refer to energy state can will be referred to atomic emission of elements.

Some references for your work may be applied:

[1] Haider, Z., Ali, J., Arab, M., Munajat, Y. B., Roslan, S., Kamarulzman, R., & Bidin, N. (2016). Plasma diagnostics and determination of lead in soil and phaleria macrocarpa leaves by ungated laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. Analytical Letters, 49(6), 808-817.

[2] Zamira, A., Rizvi, S.Z.H., Roslan, M.S., Adnan, N.N., Razak, S.N.A., Jalil, M.A. (2022). Discrimination of Precious and Semi-Precious Gemstones Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Approaches. In: Mustapha, A.B., Shamsuddin, S., Zuhaib Haider Rizvi, S., Asman, S.B., Jamaian, S.S. (eds) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Applications of Science and Mathematics 2021. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 273. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8903-1_17

LIBS stands for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. It is a atomic spectroscopic technique used for elemental analysis, where a high-energy laser pulse is focused onto a sample, creating a plasma plume. The interaction between the laser and the sample causes the atoms in the sample to be excited and subsequently emit light. By analyzing the emitted light, the elemental composition of the sample can be determined. LIBS is often used for rapid, in situ analysis of materials in various fields such as environmental monitoring, geological exploration, forensic science, and industrial quality control a lot of applications in various research field.

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is an optical emission analysis technique that can be applied to any physical state (solid, liquid, and gaseous) under standard conditions to study a substance's state and the elemental composition of selected material samples. In this LIBS optical analysis method, a laser beam with energy greater than the threshold energy of the material is focused on the surface of the sample, ions, or atoms, while receiving energy, jumping from the lower / ground state to a higher or more excited state. With this LIBS approach, an atom or ions become more excited when the laser beam hits the target material. Plasma plumes are formed when powerful photons interact with the sample. This method does not require sample preparation, like other traditional research methods.

There are various applications of LIBS in different fields such as:

1. Material analysis: LIBS is used for rapid elemental analysis of materials in fields like metallurgy, archaeology, forensics, and environmental science.

2. Pharmaceutical industry: LIBS can be used for analyzing the composition of pharmaceutical samples.

3. Environmental monitoring: LIBS can help in detecting and analyzing contaminants in soil, water, and air.