I am looking for data on the prevalence in Italy or Europe of nutritional deficiency among adults of: iron, vitamin D, calcium, vitamin b12 . It would also be useful to know the data by gender. Thank you all!
There is a large and significant difference between self-reported estimates of nutrient intakes and actual nutrient status (e.g., deficiencies). As my work shows, intakes are usually measured with pseudo-scientific methods and produce implausible (meaningless) data. Please see below. The last paper is a general review:
Article Validity of U.S. Nutritional Surveillance: National Health a...
Article The Inadmissibility of What We Eat in America and NHANES Die...
Article A Discussion of the Refutation of Memory-Based Dietary Asses...
Article Controversy and Debate: Memory based Methods Paper 1: The Fa...
Article The Failure to Measure Dietary Intake Engendered a Fictional...
Thus, if you are looking for data on actual nutrient status and not flawed data on intakes, you need find biochemical analyses as per below:
Please see: Castetbon K, Vernay M, Malon A, et al. Dietary intake, physical activity and nutritional status in adults: the French nutrition and health survey (ENNS, 2006–2007). British Journal of Nutrition 2009;102(5):733-43. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509274745