Not sure about airborne microplastic. But research suggest that microplastic in Marine environment may contribute to increased levels of CO2. The Marine phytoplankton which consume CO2 during photosynthesis are affected by presence of microplastics and their productivity may decrease due to the presence of microplastics in their ecosystem, thereby increasing the CO2 levels, which otherwise would have been fixed. This link may be of further help
Knowledge of the existence of microplastics in the atmosphere is fairly recent. As a result, it is not yet known whether these microplastics contribute to climate change or not. Research is needed on this subject.