I developed a high power thulium fiber linear cavity with that can generate only 25% efficiency (FBG 1950 nm high reflection and low reflection equipped). Based from literature review maximum efficiency from thulium fiber laser is around 60%. The low efficiency maybe due to the mismatch core and cladding diameter between pump combiner output fiber (DCF-UN-8/125, NA 0.14/0.46) and active fiber (SM-TDF-10p/130-M). Since I am still new in high power fiber laser field so I run the experiment using available component in my lab. There are no equipment to test if my assumption is right or wrong. the splicer for this setup is fitel s178 a ver 2. There are few question that i have in mind.

is there anywhere to have better efficiency with core and diameter mismatch?

Is the fusion splicer used in by the fitel really core align the fiber? Is it better to use custom splice?

Does fiber end caped used in most of the literature?

any of your answer will be much appreciate. thank you

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