clones are to assume that they are genetically identical to the organisms being cloned, and will therefore be phenotypically identical to them. kindly elaborate.
If they are grown in identical environments then they should be phenotypically identical as well, but especially with complex organisms the environments are often not truly identical.
Dear Ramanjot Kaur always remember that P=G+E. Therefore, as Michael J. Benedik mentioned, if 2 clones growth in different environmental conditions, it would be expected that some of characters have significative (from statistical point of view) differences. If it's not the case, I mean that clone is growing under the same condition, small microvariations might drive to changes in phenotype. Other factor that you must consider is the genetic complexity of character that you're assessing. And why not also to consider variations in local microbiomes
thank you so much Ricardo Julian Licea-Moreno and Michael J. Benedik for your elaborations ..
@ due to genotype and environment interaction pheotypic appearance of clones differ for quantitave traits. Sugar yield and Cane Yield both are goveren by many gene.
Are you sure the clones are identical?
1) are they first generation clones or propagated offspring? With increasing number of generations, there is increasing probability of mutations.
2) even if they are direct clones, if they are multicellular, there may be some mutations localy
Besides these two, I'd go with the different environment as already pointed out.
I agree with all the previous answers. However, beside the environmental conditions and the possibility of mutations, you also have to consider epigenetic factors - DNA methylation and histone methylation and acetylation, that affect the availability of particular DNA regions for gene transcription. These modifications are stable, but not irreversible, and they can importantly affect the phenotype of your plants on mid-term level. This is particularly important if your plants are derived from tissue culture.
thank you so much, Balwant Kumar ,Tomáš Hluska and Martin Raspor for more clarifications
Ramanjot Kaur
Not necessary. I don't know what organism you are talking. In plants, we do tissue culture to produce 'clone' individuals. However, not every one of their genotypes are identical. This is due to Somaclonal Variation, coming from tissue-culturing. The genotypes difference can be revealed through molecular marker analysis.
In addition to Ramanjot Kaur , Chimera formations in plants may differ in one clone to another. In case of variegated Monstera deliciosa having highly active transposons may affect pigmentation process creating random sectors.
It is assumed that clones are identical genetically, if there is no mutation. They can only change phenotypically, if the environment is different, which is called different ecotypes of a clone.
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