Depends what you mean with interoperability. There are many levels of interoperability. I can imagine that most interoperability issues have been resolved already on the syntactic level, but I know that many are still open on the semantics level. At the pragmatic level, only a very few papers have been published, one of which is from Marten van Sinderen. Then you have several aspects of interoperability that could be addressed, e.g., security, QoS, services (see: Dieter Fensel, "Enabling Semantic web services"), and many more.
The OCCI standard in particular offers a lot of potential research ideas. If you want to give a look in the detail of ongoing works, you can go to the GIT repo:
There are many papers in preparation, select the appropriate GIT branch and "make".
There are also papers in the academic literature: browse citeseer for OCCI, to start with.
Among members of the OCCI working group you will find excellent researchers on the subject (myself included :-))), and there is an open forum for discussion.
With regard to cloud interoperability, first the dirty rotten truth is most cloud services/applications are NOT easily portable from one machine to another even in the same data center; let alone across data centers owned and operated by the same firm; and - practically speaking - it's so bad one might as well forget about actually porting an app from one cloud provide to another.
More like - first go back to the drawing board and rewrite/revise/customize, if you want to play with AWS and Azure and so on environments.
OGF already suggested to you by others,does offer a wide array of tools and specs which may or may not help, depending on what aspect of 'interoperability' one wishes to achieve.
Except...in real world it is also possible to build cloud applications that automatically interoperate/transit across clouds and data centers, following more or less well-defined guidelines/reference architectures/open specifications.
For example, the Enterprise Cloud Leadership Council of TM Forum engaged in a number of efforts also with the ODCA/Open Data Center Alliance over the past few years which you may wish to check out. Universities can join TM Forum as well as firms, so you should be able to access their docs. My NSF Partnerships for Innovation Wireless Grid Innovation Testbed project developed Open Specifications and Use Cases, including in cooperation with TM Forum ECLC, which include also Reference Architectures for hybrid cloud/workplace as a service applications, in a hybrid cloud to edge/Internet of Things/Ad Hoc Network - or as we prefer to call it, a wireless grid - framework.
Links to the TM Forum ECLC 'Workplace as a Service White Paper,' the WiGiT 'Workplace as a Service WPaaS Solves BYOD Challenges Use Case V0.1,' the WiGiT Open Specification v0.2 are below.
Finally if one wishes to also consider the broader policy and regulatory issues arising from the growing breadth of virtual grid/hybrid public/private cloud service architectures, consider checking out my recent TPRC article, 'Over the Virtual Top: Digital Service Value Chain Disintermediation Implications for Hybrid HetNet Regulation,' which I present also next Monday to Columbia Business School Fellows.
Best of luck and hope some of this may be helfpul!