I've recently been given some running data ranging from 400-3200m time trials. Is it possible to calculate anaerobic distance capacity from these and if so, how would you go about it?
I think it is best to use anaerobic capacity tests first and set your own goals based on. I don't think the use of distance alone was used to determine the anaerobic capacity.
The anaerobic system is maximally stressed in short duration high intensity activities (generally between 30 seconds and several minutes), and most of the following tests are over this time period. A related measure is the anaerobic threshold or lactate threshold measurements. The 400m, 800m run test can be considered an anaerobic capacity test that is a bit long, or an aerobic fitness test that is a bit short. As an aerobic test, it may be suitable for children. See also the 1km run test, which has a variation over 800m for teenage girls.
You can use Critical Power Model to estimate anaerobic distance capacity. Here some article about: Article A Minimal Power Model for Human Running Performance
Article The relationship between critical power and running performance