We are performing a systematic review regarding studies that validated administrative databases for ICD-9-CM or ICD-10 codes for different cancers. There could be events in which there are algorithms that were developed to identify multiple cancers.
In my opinion, an optimal algorithm to identify multiple cancers by validating the ICD-9 or 10 codes should also look at procedure codes, e.g., in a breast cancer patient who also got urinary bladder cancer, at least the procedural codes of cystoscopy and/or TUR-BT should be available in a specific timeframe of bladder cancer diagnosis.
Operating in Italy, you can find lots of useful information for cancer registration in the manual proposed by AIRTUM (http://www.registri-tumori.it/cms/files/AIRTUM_CD.pdf), prepared in accordance with international rules.
I remember that in Italy there are several software for recording tumors, some of which allow the automatic or semi-automatic resolution of cases in accordance with the rules of registration.