Seeking an explanation with regards to the change in the flow field.
Brownian motion is the random thermally driven movement of particles suspended in a fluid. This random motion transports energy directly by nanoparticles in addition to microconvection effect, which is due to the fluid mixing around nanoparticles. There are numerous factors that affect Brownian motion and its effect as particles concentration, particle size, fluid temperature, type of base fluid and type of fluid flow (forced or natural).....
The general trend states that increasing particles concentration and fluid temperature with decreasing particle size leads to increase the Brownian motion, and consequently enhance heat/mass transfer.
In addition, by definition of Brownian motion, its increase leads to increase fluid mixing around nanoparticles and collisions with wall surface. Therefore skin friction will increase with the increase in the Brownian motion
Article Thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects on MHD bioconvect...
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