If I need perform some experiment, where I need to use beam splitter, but I don't have it. Is it possible to construct something what can be used as beam splitter?
yes, if you can deposit a thin layer of silver or gold metal on a glass substrat. you have to tune your thikness to adjust the beam splitting. (20nm for 50% splitting)
I am mainly interested in the work with the visible light, for example, sometimes implement some holography model. But, if I want to extend this problem to the IR then I will meet a real problem, so I want to know how this problem can be solved also in IR.
In our earlier experiments in holography we had to use for beam splitting wide flat-parallel plates - it isn't 50/50 but as usual you have to have more powerful beam in the object planes, and you can use attenuation filters to compensate energy difference.