Smoke - a solid aerosol,
cloud - liquid aerosol.
Shoe dust dispersed in water and determine the particle size distribution and zeta potential on zetasizer.
Best regards.
Zeta potential is a holistic property of the particle + the system it is in. It is affected by pH (in water) and ionic concentration (especially of polyvalent ions) plus, of course, the chemistry of the surface. Hence there is no concept of zeta potential of a powder. A solid powder needs dispersing in a fluid.
A powder is formed from sub- and post-micron fused aggregates of material, Fumed silica has primary particle size of 10 - 15 nm (and thus you'd think it's ideal for Zetasizer). However, the fused aggregate size is in the 0.5 - 10 micron (yes, micron!) range and particle sizing is more suited to the Mastersizer. See these 2 webinars:
Nov 11th, 2008. Dispersion and nanotechnology http://tinyurl.com/hpywsge
(above: Slide 9 shows the form of fumed silica 0 similar to carbon black too)
January 19th 2011 PST and BDAS - an acronym approach to laser diffraction method development
https://www.brainshark.com/malvern/vu?pi=478888057&text=M021507&r3f1=
(outlines wetting, separation, and stabilization)
The Zetasizer can determine the zeta potential of particles up to 100 micron in diameter, so this may not be an issue as long a sedimentation (particles completely drop out of the measurements zone) is not interfering with the measurement. The particles need to be dispersed in a liquid (most likely water? the exact conditions, pH, ionic strength, additives etc. will matter) so that the electrophoretic mobility under the influence of an applied field can be detected. If you have access to a system, just try to measure a sample. The software is smart enough in automatic mode that you can't really destroy anything - and the zeta quality report will alert of any issues with the result.
If looking at the powder coating of a surface then probe particles may be used to find the surface zeta potential.
There is a technical note with zeta data from 100nm spheres at http://www.malvern.com/en/support/resource-center/technical-notes/TN110708ZetasizerNanoZ-ZS-ZS90MaxSize.aspx
http://www.materials-talks.com/blog/2015/01/06/surface-zeta-potential-what-it-is-and-how-to-measure-it/
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