Seasonal factors effect PV generation and thus result less storage availability by PV-battery storage systems, enforcing grid utilisation. Can we put hydrogen energy storage replacing battery storage during low PV generation months ? How can we size the hydrogen based system replacing a PV ?
It is so that the PV generator is sized according to the lowest possible isolation such that it is capable to cover the load demand. The excess can be converted into hydrogen fuel. And it could be used to derive fuel cells for electricity generation. Specially Germany is adopting such technology and spend intensive research work to commercialize such hydrogen based energy systems.
For more information on this topic please follow the link: https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/
For sizing you need only to determine the demand and the co version efficiencies from electricity to hydrogen and vice versa through electrolysers and fuel cells.
Best wishes.
Sure Mahmood Saeed , you could use hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity and supplement the PV system.
See these examples:
https://ijireeice.com/upload/2014/august/IJIREEICE2B%20s%20vaddi%20A%20GRID%20CONNECETD%20FUEL%20CELL%20BASED%20ON%20BOOST%20INVERTER%20SYSTEM.pdf
Conference Paper Fuel cell connected to grid through inverter
Regards.
This is for sure a well-known limitation of Solar PV's, as they don't work (maybe efficiently) during no solar radiation.
A better way to deal with the problem could be converting the excess solar energy (in case you can meet the grid demands) into a solar fuel. For what concerns your query, In my opinion normally a hydrogen-based fuel cell that takes most part of the hydrogen through solar energy still has the same limitation. Also the number of energy conversion increases and hence you may get a lower efficiency.
In case you are talking about a hybrid energy generation (PV and Fuel Cell) then it may work out, but still, it has some limitations.
Sizing of the hydrogen-based system may follow the same procedure as check how much energy (power rating, voltage) you want and then keep on increasing the module size, etc. A typical fuel cell would give you somewhere around 0.6-0.7 volts for an individual cell.
I just came across this project (maybe helpful for you)
http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/15-16/H2Power/fuel-cell-measurements.html
Have a look at
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/93/1/012073/pdf
and
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2020/ee/d0ee00771d#!divAbstract
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