Logically, there is no oxygen in the groundwater because there is no interface with the atmosphere. There may be the CO2 which comes from the cabone cycle. The oxygen could come from the photosynthesis if the water contains algae. But this is unlikely.
I agree with Prof. Bachir Achour if we are considering water from an aquifer. If we considered water from an open well, there will be dissolved oxygen at the surface layer because of the interface with the atmosphere. The bottom layer may not have dissolved oxygen. That is why at the bottom of such water bodies, reduction processes prevail.
Based on my experience, there may be dissolved oxygen in groundwater. It depends on how deep the groundwater is. we know the vadose zone is porous and oxygen distributed decreases with depth. We have seen oxygen in soil with a concentration in 4% to 18%. Therefore, with concentration gradient, O2 will eventually reach groundwater. The shallower the groundwater is, the higher concentration will be for O2.
During the recharge in an open system we can calculate the oxygen content with some empirical formulas or by simulation (e. g. Phreeqc). For example at 20ºC the water can dissolve approximately 9 mg/L of oxygen. Entering in a closed system the oxygen will be consumed in oxidation reactions (is the main oxidant) and after some distance from the recharge zone will tend to be present in very low concentrations depending on the reductants present in groundwater. The same applies to nitrate which is the second most important oxidant. In many karst aquifers the oxygen content could be high due the high velocity of circulation.
Yes. I just want to add that many groundwater remediation projects have bio-remediation portion, which will inject bacteria to consume the contaminants. These bacteria are using oxygen in groundwater. Therefore, generally, groundwater has oxygen in it.
of course. I always detected dissolved oxygen in phreatic water. The detected level varied with the site ondition. Naturally, the conentration is below the saturated oxygen, For more information you can see
yes, sure there may be oxygen in groundwater depending on the depth to the aquifers from which the water is coming from. shallow groundwater aquifers have higher DO compared to the ones in deeper zones