Can cosine of solar zenith angle be negative?

More Waqar Arshad's questions See All

I synthesized Graphene oxide Two times but I got Peak at 8 degree first time. And second time I got a Peak at 6 degree. What will be possible reasons?

Please help me.

01 June 2024 1,598 3 View

Synthesis of CaFeO3?

I have synthesized CaFeO3 three times using metal nitrates through sol-gel method but each time XRD analysis show that its peaks match with Ca2Fe2O5. Metal to acid ratio is 1:1.38. I've also tried...

25 May 2024 3,346 1 View

RMSD plot from GROMACS output file .xtc did not start from 0ns. How to get the 0ns frame?

Dear GROMACS expert, I am currently having trouble to analyse the results from my simulations. After processing the output files using this command, gmx trjconv -s md_0_1.tpr -f md_0_1.xtc -o...

02 May 2024 6,690 7 View

"Observation of Multiple FCC Phases in CrCoFeMnNi High Entropy Alloy at High Temperatures: Seeking Insights"?

Hello, fellow researchers, I am currently studying the phase stability of a CrCoFeMnNi high entropy alloy subjected to high temperatures (1050 °C). My recent XRD analyses revealed non-symmetrical...

30 April 2024 4,236 0 View

Multiphase In Ansys Fluent?

Respected! I am new to using Ansys fluent. I am combustion and use heat of combustion to boil water as shown in figure 2. I have achieved combustion using species transport model. But my problem...

25 April 2024 5,211 0 View

How to simulate Wall shear stress in COMSOL?

Water flows in a 2D pipe, I am able to prepare a simple simulation resulting in the velocity and pressure across the pipe. But I am interested to simulate the Wall shear stress generated by the...

22 April 2024 8,537 5 View

A Survey about Awareness and Trust In Self Driving Cars?

https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe4Ht6uSWs_IOArQZyHYtfYD7aEFJBxFnIgJ46yPQ_k7rbDjg/viewform?usp=sf_link

11 April 2024 3,417 0 View

If someone has developed a questionnaire or an illustration for a patient care project, can that be copyrighted? If yes, what would be the procedure?

The aim of the copyright would be so that others can use it for their non-commercial applications provided they offer due credit to the team that developed it.

21 March 2024 3,666 1 View

AI and Probability Models ?

How can the integration of AI and advanced probability models contribute to the resolution of global challenges in areas such as climate change, public health, and socioeconomic disparities, and...

14 March 2024 9,097 4 View

What is the origin of air bubbles formation in pipe flows?

I have a transparent pipe which takes water from a tank. The flow happens thru a pump. Pump takes water from tank and makes it flow thru the pipe. The water stored in tank is open to...

07 March 2024 3,909 7 View

Stability of the Solar System: Insights from Einstein’s Equations ?

The stability of the Solar System is a complex subject that blends the classical framework of Newtonian mechanics with the modern insights provided by General Relativity (GR). Understanding this...

07 August 2024 2,569 1 View

How to use Density Functional Theory to calculate carrier mobilities of solid system?

Hello, everyone. I have tried to determine carrier motilities of some materials, by Density Functional Theory, using Quantum ESPRESSO. There are a few methods to do it, like a package called...

04 August 2024 8,894 1 View

Does continues partial charging/discharging do any harm to the BESS performance and degradation?

For a grid connected BESS (lets say 100 MW/200 MWh system, LFP battery), if we charge the BESS in such a way that whenever we can access power from the solar that will charge the BESS. Hence it...

01 August 2024 9,903 7 View

Best mask design for metal deposition aiming build a Perovskite solar cell device?

What types of mask designs for metal deposition, to be used in a PVD system, are best suited for perovskite-based solar cells?

31 July 2024 4,835 3 View

Which filtration method to go for run off water from dirty solar panels to be used again?

We are working on a robot that cleans solar panels using fresh water supply and a rotating brush. We are trying to conserve as much water at possible by recycling the dirty water that is collected...

28 July 2024 5,778 2 View

Is it feasible to employ an artificial sun in the experimental investigation of concentrated solar power systems, specifically linear Fresnel systems?

Is it feasible to employ an artificial sun in the experimental investigation of concentrated solar energy systems, specifically linear Fresnel systems? If the answer is affirmative, what type of...

22 July 2024 9,710 6 View

I am working on III-V based tandem solar cells.Can anyone explain that solar cells work under forward or reverse biased conditions?

I want to know that n-doped side of solar cell is connected with positive or negative electrode.

20 July 2024 1,348 2 View

Every star like the sun is at a stationary position. Am I right?

The earth has a orbit, but not for the sun. Similarly, all planets have orbits, but not for stars like the sun.

18 July 2024 1,768 4 View

How do i go about my research which is about the integration of solar and wind power to produce green hydrogen?

Let me say I have a solar plant in operation and I want to build up a wind power plant, and later make a hybrid so that I could power the electrolyser as load for green hydrogen production.

14 July 2024 9,547 4 View

How to introduce on fluent the optical loss of the wall due to the reflection of the plate towards the environment ?

"When solar irradiation reaches a surface, some of it is absorbed while the rest is reflected. Part of the light absorbed by the surface transforms into heat and increases the module's...

13 July 2024 8,621 5 View

S J Malik Popular answer

Interesting question

S J Malik

Karl Prodinger

Yes. cos 0° = 1, cos 90° = 0. More than 90° will be negative.

Kurt Klingbeil

I am curious about the relevance of the terrain angle ?

In cases of calculation of the effects of albedo from snow-covered slopes the angle of the terrain/snow surface could be relevant