I am working on certain nanoparticles where I need to modify their surface with a polymer by Ligand exhcange approach. I came across many papers describing many different methods but I am really confused which one to pick up and which method can assure that the surface modification has done successfully. For eg. some papers are saying to do ligand exchange by sonication at room temperature while some are explaining by using certain temperatures with magnetic stirring.

Kindly help me in finding the most reliable methods among them.

Thank you :)

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