Why images in scanning electron microscope(sem) got bright stripes?

why images in scanning electron microscope(sem) got bright stripes? an image is attached. it does not look like a material related contrast(polymers). it does not disappear with current, voltage...

31 December 2019 8,797 4 View

Connect a gas tank instead of compressor?

Is it safe to connect a gas tank instead of compressor to a laser system that uses gas to cool down the sample and clean the debris. The system won't start unless compressor is working. What...

07 August 2019 831 4 View

Should the magnetron sputtering system's targets be always oxidized?

I use reactive magnetron sputtering system to deposit TiO thin films. Specifically, I use 3 Ti targets, 8 mTorr of Ar with O2(20/3.5). However, if I use 3 sccm of O2, I obtain Ti and if I use 3.5...

31 December 2016 1,119 5 View

Raman database of Ti and TiH2?

Is there any database available to check the Raman spectra of Ti( Metal) and TiHx species? There are none in rruff

10 November 2016 1,620 1 View

Which theory I should use to calculate abosrbance of a semi-transparent thin film?

08 September 2016 6,052 12 View

May you suggest a VIS- light source for measuring photocatalytic activity?

The most popular VIS-light source for measuring photocatalytic activity must be XBO R 300 W/60 C OFR by Osram. However, it is not easy to buy the source and it does not seem easy to use it- it...

06 July 2016 8,861 12 View

Why Ti layer has been oxidized?

I deposit films by magnetron sputtering from Ti and TiO2 targets in Ar plasma[Pbase=10^-6 Torr]. I deposited a 70 nm-layer of Ti and then 120 nm-layer of TiO2 on top of it however, after annealing...

05 June 2016 9,378 16 View

Why our XRD spectra look different for the same sample, but on different holders?

We use Rigaku D/Max-2500V X-ray Diffractometer for obtaining XRD spectra of our samples. The sample used in this experiment was Si powder prepared by milling the silicon wafer. We have used 3...

03 April 2016 705 5 View

How do I ignite plasma using the RF-generator?

We use RF-generator PFG600-RF[Trumpf] for depositing thin films in our3-target magnetron sputtering system. It works perfectly fine for conductivetargets and it is very easy to eliminate REFP...

03 April 2016 2,798 26 View

Could you recommend a reflectance standard for the UV region of spectrum?

It seems like the reflectance standard provided by the manufacturer of our spectrophotometer does not work for the UV area (

09 October 2015 5,311 4 View

Problem in detection of a specific gene & elimination of primer dimer in qpcr?

In our lab, we are trying to do real time PCR for some genes. One of them has a size of 85 bp. Whatever we do, we had an amplification in negative control. When we run agarose gel, it always a...

14 February 2021 9,750 11 View

Why non-specific band appear on T-ARMS PCR?

Hi everyone. We want to know how can I remove the non-specific band amplification on this variant. Although the amplification of non-specific band is not as intense as the band that we want, but...

09 February 2021 588 2 View

I have faced a problem to amplify VP2 gene of porcine parvovirus 1,2,3 and 5? Please suggest me how can i solve this problem?

Till now i haven't got any PCR amplified vp2 gene bands on specific annealing temperature and in step up PCR.

08 February 2021 819 4 View

Xrd result of ZnO thin film shown better crystallinity at low temperature and the crystallinity decreases as the temperature increased. why?

I have synthesized ZnO thin films at four different substrate temperature say, 300, 350, 400 and 450C. and the samples were annealed at 450C for half an hour. the xrd result shown better...

04 February 2021 7,641 4 View

How can I partially remove the metal oxide layer for solar cell device?

Hi, I want to make a perovskite-based planar solar cell device. (electrode/HTL/perovskite/ETL/FTO) To fabricate the device, one electrode should be deposited on HTL and the other should be...

01 February 2021 229 6 View

Are there any technical and safety tips or details for hot salt baths?

29 January 2021 6,036 2 View

Do you have experience of second round PCR amplification issue?

When 1st-round PCR amplification was finished , I could get a clear expected band, but the amount was very low, so I cut the band and run second-round PCR with same condition, it didn't work, I...

21 January 2021 888 4 View

Sb2Te3 thin film annealing and damage(break)?

21 January 2021 9,642 2 View

Strategies for short hairpin RNA interference cassettes?

In your experience, how much does the distance between the U6 promoter and the annealed -short hairpin - oligonucleotides affect the RNAi cassette expression? How to clone a shRNA sequence...

16 January 2021 9,418 2 View

I am trying to amplify my gene of interest (GOI, 2000 kb long) by PCR. My previously designed primers are not working. How can I optimize the primers?

As I wanted to amplify my GOI, I chose first 18 nucleotides including start codon in my forward primer. I add BAMHI recognition site at the beginning and 3 nucleotide extension for the efficient...

12 January 2021 3,327 3 View