As long as the surface is kept clean and uncontaminated there is no special surface preparation. The sample is usually taped or glued to a metal sample disc for most instruments. If you are making measurements in fluid, make sure you don't use a water soluble adhesive. I'd consult your instrument manual.
I would just add to those helpfull answers that preparation is highly sample dependent.
Some samples do not require any preparaiton while others are sometimes a nigthmare to image.
What kind of samples were you thinking about?
You already got some precise answer. Let me add 2 things. For insulated samples you may need to let them discharge if they would charges (i.e. after cleaving).
The packaging is very important to avoid dust. Too often people take a lot of care in preparation but don't pack them correctly. I use often gelpack (although some people argue that it can contaminate the sample). I also use e-pack when it is possible.
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