Depending on the scenario (e.g. available computational power) there are different solutions. Solutions from computational expensive crypto to lightweight PRNGs for WSN or RFID. I work in the latter, here is an example: http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/13/3/3816
From your question it's not so clear what you are looking for ...
Last week at CCS there were several interesting papers on issues with randomness generators like /dev/random, maybe you find something there (Session 6-B):
http://www.dblp.org/db/conf/ccs/ccs2013.html
An old paper that can give you the general idea for at least one type of pseudo random number generator is here: S. Park and K. Miller. Random number generators: good ones are hard to find. Communications of the ACM, Vol. 31, No. 10 (October, 1988), 1192-1201.
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