Can hydrogen reduce all metal oxides in a heated environment? As far as I know, metal oxide such as NiO can be reduced. But is it the same as other metals? Especially metals oxide that I used, which is:
Gallium(I) oxide, Ga2O
Gallium(III) oxide, Ga2O3
Niobium oxide, Nb2O5
Silver oxide, Ag2O
Silver(II) oxide, AgO
Abdul Hakim Hatta
Metals are not reduced by hydrogen. Metal is a reduced form of oxides. You had to write a question: can all metal oxides be reduced by hydrogen.
The prediction is done like this. Write the chemical reaction of reduction. The standard change in the Gibbs energy of this reaction is then calculated. The standard Gibbs energies of formation of substances involved in the reaction are taken from the tables. If the resulting standard change in the Gibbs energy of the reaction is negative, then the reaction is possible under standard conditions.
With those oxides that you listed, the situation is as follows: oxides of gallium and niobium are not reduced to metal by hydrogen, and silver oxides are reduced to metal by simple heating. In short, you won't need hydrogen with any of these oxides.
Which oxidation state do you want to reach? Some oxides can be reduced tio obtain metallic species, some others cannot.
Ga2O3 cannot be reduced to generate metallic Ga by H2. I am currently working with this oxide and we will publish a paper very soon on spectroscopic characterization of this sample.
Same for other oxides, like ZrO2, CeO2, etc. No metallic species can be obtained.
On the other hand, silver oxide can produce metallic silver by a simple thermal treatment.
I don't know Nb2O5, but I don't think Nb can be reduced to Nb(0) by reduction in H2 atmosphere.
Abdul Hakim Hatta Look at the Ellingham diagrams for the systems. An easy reference is:
https://www.industrialheating.com/articles/89702-the-ellingham-diagram
https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/ellingham_diagrams/printall.php
Article In-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of supported ...
The reduction of oxides of tin, iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, potassium is not possible by hydrogen as these metals are more reactive than hydrogen. Let’s take the example of copper oxide. From the activity series, we can clearly say that it is less reactive than oxygen so hydrogen will reduce it.
Name the following A metal oxide that can be reduced class 11 chemistry CBSE (vedantu.com)
Dear Abdul Hakim Hatta . No. Al, Ca, Na are present higher in the reactivity series, so their oxides are not reduced by hydrogen. While copper comes below hydrogen in the activity series, so its oxide is reduced by hydrogen. See the useful link: https://www.toppr.com/ask/question/a-metal-oxide-that-is-reduced-by-hydrogen-is/#:~:text=Al%2C%20Ca%2C%20Na%20are%20present,oxide%20is%20reduced%20by%20hydrogen.
Kindly see also the following useful link: Article Metals Production and Metal Oxides Reduction Using Hydrogen: A Review
Also check please the following useful RG links: Article Reduction of Metal Oxides by Hydrogen
https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/name-the-following-a-metal-oxide-that-can-be-class-11-chemistry-cbse-5f8cf603177aeb6799e41ab1
The following RG link is also very useful: Article Reducibility of Metal Oxides in Hydrogen and Strength of Oxy...