The idea of transferring C4 traits into C3 crops is not new and dates back to early years of this century when Japan Tobacco was granted a US patent for generation of PEP-CK type of C4 cycle in rice. The increasing levels of difficulty in meeting the food and fuel demand however, is again stemming up interest regarding C4 rice. With access to advanced technologies and monetarily self-sufficient international collaborations (like C4 consortium), much of the ground work like molecular tool development, unraveling the genetic infrastructure, collection and study of available genetic variability has been done. But still can we say that we will have first C4 rice cultivars by the next decade or so? or is this required in fact? I mean our C4 cultivars are not operating at full efficiency so why take our cereals C4, instead can't we just silence the photorespiration