Thanks, Aurelio, for another interesting question concerning BRICS countries. The statiscs you are sharing is appealing.

Still, I have doubts whether these statistics reflect the actual state and whether they are equally reliable. Observing the case of Russia, I can say that the level of "hidden unemployment" is relatively high there. Official data on unemployment rate does not necessarily say much about this country. Anyhow, it is not the key concept of Russian government to lower the level of unemployment rate.

And even if, it should be analyzed in a broader perspective and in combination with other data on the standard of living in a given society. It seems to me that today some of the BRICS countries have more serious problems than just a high level of unemployment (this is also the case of Brazil, right?). And governments are not necessarily only focusing on improving this aspect.

Although in the pre-election period, the decline in the unemployment rate may be more important than at other times.

Interesting and critical information dear Dr. Aurelio Hess . Thank you for sharing.

Thanks, Aurelio, for another interesting question concerning BRICS countries. The statiscs you are sharing is appealing.

Still, I have doubts whether these statistics reflect the actual state and whether they are equally reliable. Observing the case of Russia, I can say that the level of "hidden unemployment" is relatively high there. Official data on unemployment rate does not necessarily say much about this country. Anyhow, it is not the key concept of Russian government to lower the level of unemployment rate.

And even if, it should be analyzed in a broader perspective and in combination with other data on the standard of living in a given society. It seems to me that today some of the BRICS countries have more serious problems than just a high level of unemployment (this is also the case of Brazil, right?). And governments are not necessarily only focusing on improving this aspect.

Although in the pre-election period, the decline in the unemployment rate may be more important than at other times.

It is true that the management of unemployment is one of the most important standards, but when compared with the current population of the BRIX countries and the growing population growth in the near future, compared with South Africa, will the ratios mentioned in China/1,403,500,365 and India/1,324,171,354, for example,

Pls. find the attached files

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS

https://www.statista.com/statistics/254281/gdp-of-the-bric-countries/

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bric.asp

Best regards

Houda

Interesting

The high amount of unemployment in Brazil and South Africa is shocking. But percentage values as such perhaps are rather meaningless if there is no background information of other standards and conditions of life.

There is a bigger vision in India, towards coping unemployment

.............. to provide for the eradication of unemployment amongst the youth by granting right to work to every eligible youth and for payment of unemployment allowance during the period of unemployment and for making all the sanctioned posts in Government employment non-lapsable and free from abolition and establishment of right to work fund for funding unemployment allowance and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. ...........

Source - THE YOUTH (ERADICATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) BILL, 2016 http://164.100.47.4/billstexts/rsbilltexts/AsIntroduced/youth%2010317-E.pdf

You are very right Prof. Hess. The canker of unemployment can be a dangerous weevil that can tear apart the stability fibre of a country. Its culprits are 'mad' and easily swayed like restless storm into any destructive activity!

Dear many thanks for this question I think we are facing now in IRAQ

Good question, l'm following answer

Dear Dr Joanna,

I understand and share your concerns/doubts "whether these statistics reflect the actual state and whether they are equally reliable."

Stats (the official ones) are always difficult to believe. Reliability is still questionable.

I don´t know as much as I want about Russia, so thank you for your new information "Observing the case of Russia, I can say that the level of "hidden unemployment" is relatively high there. Official data on unemployment rate does not necessarily say much about this country. Anyhow, it is not the key concept of the Russian government to lower the level of the unemployment rate."

And I agree that it should be analyzed in a broader perspective and in combination with other data on the standard of living in a given society.

You are right about that: "some of the BRICS countries have more serious problems than just a high level of unemployment (this is also the case of Brazil, right?). And governments are not necessarily only focusing on improving this aspect."

Yes. Especially in Brazil, we are facing a significant political, and economic crisis and politicians are not working well. All the Parliament is focused in voting laws that can save their skin (from the bad behavior that today is not tolerable anymore - as if it was before!), so nothing significant for the country is being discussed or voted. Unemployment is high, the standard living and other key-indicators are going down, but this is not the focus today, UNFORTUNATELY.

Thank you Dr. Houda Kavas, for the links.

Thank you Dr. Ahmed, for following.

Thank you Dr. Hein Retter, for the important insight.

Thank you Dr. Krishnan, for sharing the India´s perspective.

Thank you Dr. Dikson Adom, for the important support.

Thank you Dr. Assaad and Dr. Asmaa, for sharing and enriching the discussion.

According to my personal point of view Unemployment is not only problem for BRICS rather its global phenomenon nowadays

Yes, the labor conflict prolonged and intensified by bad economic policy that leads to the lack of jobs for the general population and to offer low-paid jobs; All in all, it is capable of being the trigger for a revolution. Initially normative and institutional, and if there is no solution, until an armed revolution (civil war)

Being categorized as a BRISC -group is not a easy condition by itself; there would be rivals to put up with, conservative friends, and real friends (poor & rich) to support the BRISC. The geographical distances among this group-members would be another variable that acts as a barrier for their strategic unification, problem-solving, and information-safety. The fast paste of current global era, and the twisted-design of work-styles in the area of geopolitics, are considered the next step of challenges for the structural- stability. As it is obvious, the citizens' working- stability would be one of the first instrument to shake a system. Generally, it would n't be easy, but it is proven through many other cases, people could adjust and stay flexible enough to survive the tough times, based on their own cultural background, to survive (harsher conditions have shorter life, comparatively).

Very informative Hesse. Thank you for sharing

Thanks, Prof.Aurelio, for another brainstorming question concerning BRICS countries.

This is very unfortunate but it has to be realized that there are opportunities created .....but the supply is less and demand is more..... the job opportunities may be less and job seekers are more.

In-fact the young generation with millennial thinking are very different...... agree with the fact that the policies and long term strategies should be focused more by government along with skill development programs.

Encouragement upon Entrepreneurship and self employment developments would ease these numbers....

Dear Dr. Aurelio Hess,

Unemployment is a big hurdle towards living conditions of citizens. Quality education system with effective exit path may improve the employment conditions.